Ukadaulo wa Laser additive Production (AM), wokhala ndi maubwino ake opangidwa molondola kwambiri, kusinthasintha kwamphamvu, komanso kuchuluka kwa makina ochita kupanga, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zinthu zofunika m'magawo monga magalimoto, zamankhwala, ndege, ndi zina zambiri (monga rocket ma nozzles amafuta, mabulaketi a satellite antenna, implants za anthu, etc.).Ukadaulo uwu ukhoza kupititsa patsogolo kuphatikizika kwa magawo osindikizidwa kudzera mukupanga kophatikizika kwa kapangidwe kazinthu ndi magwiridwe antchito.Pakadali pano, ukadaulo wopanga ma laser owonjezera nthawi zambiri umatenga mtengo wa Gaussian womwe uli ndi malo apamwamba komanso kugawa mphamvu pang'ono.Komabe, nthawi zambiri imapanga matenthedwe okwera kwambiri pakusungunula, zomwe zimatsogolera ku mapangidwe a pores ndi njere zomata.Tekinoloje yopangira matabwa ndi njira yatsopano yothetsera vutoli, yomwe imapangitsa kuti ntchito yosindikiza ikhale yabwino komanso yabwino posintha kagawidwe kamphamvu ka laser mtengo.
Poyerekeza ndi kuchotsera kwachikale komanso kupanga kofanana, ukadaulo wopanga zitsulo uli ndi zabwino monga nthawi yayifupi yopangira zinthu, kulondola kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zambiri, komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino a magawo.Chifukwa chake, ukadaulo wopanga zitsulo umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale monga zakuthambo, zida ndi zida, mphamvu zanyukiliya, biopharmaceuticals, ndi magalimoto.Kutengera mfundo ya discrete stacking, zitsulo zopangira zowonjezera zimagwiritsa ntchito gwero lamphamvu (monga laser, arc, kapena electron beam) kusungunula ufa kapena waya, kenako ndikuwunjika wosanjikiza ndi wosanjikiza kuti apange gawo lomwe mukufuna.Tekinoloje iyi ili ndi zabwino zambiri popanga magulu ang'onoang'ono, zomangira zovuta, kapena magawo amunthu.Zida zomwe sizingakhale kapena zovuta kuzikonza pogwiritsa ntchito njira zachikhalidwe ndizoyeneranso kukonzekera pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira zowonjezera.Chifukwa cha zabwino zomwe tafotokozazi, ukadaulo wopangira zowonjezera wakopa chidwi kwambiri ndi akatswiri akumayiko ndi padziko lonse lapansi.M'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, teknoloji yowonjezera yowonjezera yapita patsogolo mofulumira.Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha komanso kusinthasintha kwa zida zopangira zowonjezera za laser, komanso ubwino wokwanira wa kachulukidwe kamphamvu ka laser komanso kulondola kwachangu, ukadaulo wopangira zida za laser wapanga zothamanga kwambiri pakati pa matekinoloje atatu opangira zitsulo omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa.
Ukadaulo wopangira zitsulo za laser ukhoza kugawidwanso kukhala LPBF ndi DED.Chithunzi 1 chikuwonetsa chithunzi chofananira cha LPBF ndi njira za DED.Njira ya LPBF, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Selective Laser Melting (SLM), imatha kupanga zitsulo zovuta kwambiri posanthula matabwa amphamvu kwambiri a laser panjira yokhazikika pamwamba pa bedi la ufa.Kenako, ufa umasungunuka ndi kulimba wosanjikiza ndi wosanjikiza.Dongosolo la DED limaphatikizapo njira ziwiri zosindikizira: kuyika kwa laser kusungunula ndi kupanga zopangira zowonjezera waya waya.Matekinoloje onsewa amatha kupanga ndikukonza magawo achitsulo mwachindunji podyetsa ufa wachitsulo kapena waya.Poyerekeza ndi LPBF, DED ili ndi zokolola zambiri komanso malo akuluakulu opangira.Kuphatikiza apo, njirayi imathanso kukonzekera bwino zida zophatikizika ndi zida zogwirira ntchito.Komabe, mawonekedwe apamwamba a magawo omwe amasindikizidwa ndi DED nthawi zonse amakhala osauka, ndipo kukonzanso kotsatira kumafunika kuwongolera kulondola kwa gawo lomwe mukufuna.
Pakupanga kwamakono kwa laser additive, mtengo wa Gaussian wokhazikika nthawi zambiri umakhala gwero lamphamvu.Komabe, chifukwa cha kugawa kwake kwapadera kwa mphamvu (malo okwera, otsika kwambiri), zikhoza kuyambitsa kutentha kwapamwamba komanso kusakhazikika kwa dziwe losungunuka.Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magawo osindikizidwa asapangidwe bwino.Kuonjezera apo, ngati kutentha kwapakati pa dziwe losungunuka ndilokwera kwambiri, kumapangitsa kuti zitsulo zotsika zosungunuka zisungunuke, ndikuwonjezera kusakhazikika kwa ndondomeko ya LBPF.Choncho, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa porosity, katundu wamakina ndi moyo wotopa wa magawo osindikizidwa amachepetsedwa kwambiri.Kugawidwa kwamphamvu kosagwirizana kwa matabwa a Gaussian kumabweretsanso kutsika kwamphamvu kwa laser komanso kuwononga mphamvu zambiri.Kuti akwaniritse kusindikiza kwabwinoko, akatswiri ayamba kufufuza momwe angalipire zolakwika za matabwa a Gaussian posintha magawo azinthu monga mphamvu ya laser, kuthamanga kwa sikani, makulidwe a ufa, ndi njira yosanthula, kuti athe kuwongolera kuthekera kwa kuyika mphamvu.Chifukwa cha zenera lopapatiza kwambiri la njira iyi, zofooka zokhazikika zakuthupi zimachepetsa kuthekera kwa kukhathamiritsa kwina.Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera mphamvu ya laser ndi liwiro la sikani kumatha kukwanitsa kupanga bwino kwambiri, koma nthawi zambiri kumabwera pamtengo woperekera kusindikiza.M'zaka zaposachedwa, kusintha kagawidwe ka mphamvu ya laser kudzera munjira zopangira matabwa kumatha kupititsa patsogolo luso la kupanga komanso kusindikiza, zomwe zitha kukhala njira yamtsogolo yaukadaulo wopanga zida za laser.Ukadaulo wopangira ma beam nthawi zambiri umatanthawuza kusintha kagawidwe ka ma wave front of the voam kuti mupeze kufalikira komwe kumafunikira komanso kufalitsa.Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwaukadaulo wopangira matabwa muukadaulo wopanga zitsulo kukuwonetsedwa pazithunzi 2.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wopangira matabwa pakupanga zowonjezera za laser
Zolakwika pakusindikiza kwachikhalidwe cha Gaussian
Muukadaulo wopanga zitsulo za laser, kugawa mphamvu kwa mtengo wa laser kumakhudza kwambiri mawonekedwe a magawo osindikizidwa.Ngakhale matabwa a Gaussian akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zopangira zitsulo za laser, amavutika ndi zovuta zazikulu monga kusakhazikika kosindikiza, kutsika kwamphamvu kwamagetsi, komanso mazenera opapatiza popanga zowonjezera.Pakati pawo, kusungunuka kwa ufa ndi mphamvu za dziwe losungunuka panthawi yazitsulo zowonjezera laser zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi makulidwe a ufa wosanjikiza.Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa ufa wothira ndi kukokoloka madera, makulidwe enieni a ufa wosanjikiza ndi wapamwamba kuposa momwe amayembekezera.Kachiwiri, nthunzi ya nthunzi inachititsa kuti ndege zobwerera m'mbuyo ziphulike.Mpweya wachitsulo umawombana ndi khoma lakumbuyo kuti upange splashes, zomwe zimapopera pakhoma lakutsogolo molunjika kudera lopindika la dziwe losungunuka (monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 3).Chifukwa cha kuyanjana kovutirapo pakati pa mtengo wa laser ndi ma splashes, ma splashes otayidwa amatha kukhudza kwambiri kusindikiza kwa zigawo za ufa.Kuphatikiza apo, kupangidwa kwa ma keyholes mu dziwe losungunuka kumakhudzanso kwambiri mtundu wa magawo osindikizidwa.Ma pores amkati a chidutswa chosindikizidwa makamaka amayamba chifukwa cha mabowo osakhazikika otseka.
Njira yopangira zolakwika muukadaulo wopanga ma beam
Ukadaulo wopangira ma beam utha kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito mumiyeso ingapo nthawi imodzi, zomwe ndizosiyana ndi mizati ya Gaussian yomwe imakweza magwiridwe antchito mugawo limodzi pamtengo wopereka miyeso ina.Tekinoloje yopangira matabwa imatha kusintha molondola kugawa kwa kutentha ndi mawonekedwe oyenda a dziwe losungunuka.Poyang'anira kugawa kwa mphamvu ya laser, dziwe losungunuka lokhazikika lokhala ndi kutentha pang'ono limapezeka.Kugawa koyenera kwa mphamvu ya laser ndikopindulitsa kupondereza kuwonongeka kwa porosity ndi sputtering, ndikuwongolera kusindikiza kwa laser pazigawo zachitsulo.Ikhoza kupindula zosiyanasiyana pakupanga bwino komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ufa.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, luso lopanga matabwa limatipatsa njira zambiri zogwirira ntchito, kumasula kwambiri ufulu wa ndondomeko ya ndondomeko, yomwe ndikupita patsogolo kwa teknoloji yopangira laser.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-28-2024
