Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wopanga ma beam popanga zowonjezera za laser zachitsulo

Ukadaulo wopanga zinthu zowonjezera za laser (AM), wokhala ndi ubwino wake wolondola kwambiri popanga zinthu, kusinthasintha kwamphamvu, komanso mphamvu yodzipangira yokha, umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zinthu zofunika kwambiri m'magawo monga magalimoto, zamankhwala, ndege, ndi zina zotero (monga ma nozzles a rocket fuel, ma satellite antenna brackets, ma human implants, ndi zina zotero). Ukadaulo uwu ukhoza kusintha kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a magawo osindikizidwa kudzera mukupanga kapangidwe ka zinthu ndi magwiridwe antchito. Pakadali pano, ukadaulo wopanga zinthu zowonjezera za laser nthawi zambiri umagwiritsa ntchito beam ya Gaussian yolunjika yokhala ndi mphamvu yapakati komanso yotsika. Komabe, nthawi zambiri imapanga ma gradients ambiri otentha mu kusungunuka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma pores ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tipangidwe. Ukadaulo wopanga beam ndi njira yatsopano yothetsera vutoli, yomwe imakweza magwiridwe antchito osindikiza komanso khalidwe mwa kusintha kufalikira kwa mphamvu ya beam ya laser.

Poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe zochotsera ndi kupanga zofanana, ukadaulo wopanga zowonjezera zitsulo uli ndi zabwino monga nthawi yochepa yopangira, kulondola kwambiri pakukonza, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu, komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino a ziwalo. Chifukwa chake, ukadaulo wopanga zowonjezera zitsulo umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale monga ndege, zida ndi zida, mphamvu ya nyukiliya, mankhwala achilengedwe, ndi magalimoto. Kutengera mfundo yoyika zinthu mosiyanasiyana, kupanga zowonjezera zitsulo kumagwiritsa ntchito gwero lamphamvu (monga laser, arc, kapena electron beam) kuti kusungunula ufa kapena waya, kenako kumaziyika mumzere ndi mzati kuti apange gawo lomwe likufunidwa. Ukadaulo uwu uli ndi zabwino zambiri popanga magulu ang'onoang'ono, zomangamanga zovuta, kapena zigawo zomwe munthu amasankha. Zipangizo zomwe sizingakhale kapena zovuta kuzikonza pogwiritsa ntchito njira zachikhalidwe ndizoyeneranso kukonzekera pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira zowonjezera. Chifukwa cha zabwino zomwe zili pamwambapa, ukadaulo wopanga zowonjezera wakopa chidwi cha akatswiri ambiri mdziko muno komanso padziko lonse lapansi. M'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, ukadaulo wopanga zowonjezera wapita patsogolo mwachangu. Chifukwa cha makina odziyimira pawokha komanso kusinthasintha kwa zida zopangira zowonjezera za laser, komanso zabwino zonse za kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya laser komanso kulondola kwakukulu pakukonza, ukadaulo wopanga zowonjezera za laser wapanga ukadaulo wachangu kwambiri pakati pa ukadaulo wopangira zowonjezera zitatu zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa.

Ukadaulo wopanga zinthu zowonjezera zitsulo za laser ukhoza kugawidwanso m'magulu a LPBF ndi DED. Chithunzi 1 chikuwonetsa chithunzi cha LPBF ndi DED. Njira ya LPBF, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Selective Laser Melting (SLM), imatha kupanga zinthu zovuta zachitsulo posanthula matabwa a laser amphamvu kwambiri panjira yokhazikika pamwamba pa bedi la ufa. Kenako, ufawo umasungunuka ndikulimbitsa gawo ndi gawo. Njira ya DED imaphatikizapo njira ziwiri zosindikizira: kusungunuka kwa laser ndi kupanga zowonjezera zowonjezera za waya wa laser. Maukadaulo onsewa amatha kupanga ndikukonza mwachindunji zigawo zachitsulo podyetsa ufa wachitsulo kapena waya. Poyerekeza ndi LPBF, DED ili ndi zokolola zambiri komanso malo opangira akuluakulu. Kuphatikiza apo, njira iyi imathanso kukonzekera mosavuta zinthu zophatikizika ndi zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito bwino. Komabe, mawonekedwe a pamwamba pa zigawo zosindikizidwa ndi DED nthawi zonse amakhala osakwanira, ndipo kukonza pambuyo pake kumafunika kuti kukhale kolondola kwa gawo lomwe likufunidwa.

Mu njira yopangira zinthu zowonjezera za laser yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pano, kuwala kwa Gaussian komwe kumayang'aniridwa nthawi zambiri kumakhala gwero la mphamvu. Komabe, chifukwa cha kugawa kwake mphamvu kwapadera (pakati, m'mphepete wotsika), kungayambitse kutentha kwambiri komanso kusakhazikika kwa dziwe losungunuka. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zosindikizidwa zikhale zosalimba. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati kutentha kwapakati pa dziwe losungunuka kuli kokwera kwambiri, kungayambitse kuti zinthu zachitsulo zomwe zili pansi pa melting point ziume, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti njira ya LPFF isayende bwino. Chifukwa chake, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma porosity, mphamvu zamakina komanso moyo wotopa wa zinthu zosindikizidwa zimachepa kwambiri. Kugawika kwa mphamvu kosagwirizana kwa kuwala kwa Gaussian kumabweretsanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa za laser komanso kuwononga mphamvu kwambiri. Kuti akwaniritse mtundu wabwino wosindikiza, akatswiri ayamba kufufuza kuti apeze zolakwika za kuwala kwa Gaussian posintha magawo a njira monga mphamvu ya laser, liwiro losanthula, makulidwe a ufa, ndi njira yowunikira, kuti athe kuwongolera kuthekera kolowetsa mphamvu. Chifukwa cha zenera lopapatiza kwambiri la njira iyi, zoletsa zakuthupi zokhazikika zimalepheretsa kuthekera kowonjezera kukonza. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera mphamvu ya laser ndi liwiro losanthula kumatha kupangitsa kuti zinthu zigwire bwino ntchito, koma nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kuwononga khalidwe losindikiza. M'zaka zaposachedwa, kusintha kugawa mphamvu ya laser kudzera mu njira zopangira ma beam kungawongolere kwambiri magwiridwe antchito opanga ndi kusindikiza, zomwe zingakhale njira yamtsogolo yopititsira patsogolo ukadaulo wopanga ma laser. Ukadaulo wopanga ma beam nthawi zambiri umatanthauza kusintha kugawa kwa ma wavefront kwa ma input beam kuti mupeze kugawa kwamphamvu komwe mukufuna komanso mawonekedwe ofalikira. Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wopanga ma beam muukadaulo wopanga ma metal owonjezera kukuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 2.

Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wopanga ma beam popanga zowonjezera za laser

Zoyipa za kusindikiza kwachikhalidwe kwa Gaussian beam

Mu ukadaulo wopanga zinthu zowonjezera pogwiritsa ntchito laser, kugawa mphamvu kwa kuwala kwa laser kumakhudza kwambiri ubwino wa zinthu zosindikizidwa. Ngakhale kuti matabwa a Gaussian akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zipangizo zopangira zinthu zowonjezera pogwiritsa ntchito laser, amakumana ndi zovuta zazikulu monga kusindikiza kosakhazikika, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, komanso mawindo opapatiza popanga zinthu zowonjezera. Pakati pawo, kusungunuka kwa ufa ndi mphamvu ya dziwe losungunuka panthawi yopanga zinthu zowonjezera pogwiritsa ntchito laser zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi makulidwe a ufa wosanjikiza. Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa ufa wothira ndi madera otayira, makulidwe enieni a ufa wosanjikiza ndi apamwamba kuposa momwe amayembekezeredwa. Kachiwiri, mzati wa nthunzi unayambitsa ma splashes akuluakulu obwerera m'mbuyo. Nthunzi yachitsulo imagundana ndi khoma lakumbuyo kuti ipange ma splashes, omwe amathiridwa pakhoma lakutsogolo molunjika kudera lozungulira la dziwe losungunuka (monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 3). Chifukwa cha kuyanjana kovuta pakati pa kuwala kwa laser ndi ma splashes, ma splashes otulutsidwa amatha kukhudza kwambiri mtundu wa kusindikiza kwa zigawo zotsatirazi za ufa. Kuphatikiza apo, kupangidwa kwa ma keybools mu dziwe losungunuka kumakhudzanso kwambiri mtundu wa zigawo zosindikizidwa. Mabowo amkati mwa chidutswa chosindikizidwacho amayamba chifukwa cha mabowo osakhazikika otsekeka.

Njira yopangira zolakwika muukadaulo wopanga ma beam

Ukadaulo wopanga mipiringidzo umatha kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito m'magawo angapo nthawi imodzi, zomwe zimasiyana ndi mipiringidzo ya Gaussian yomwe imawongolera magwiridwe antchito m'magawo amodzi pochepetsa miyeso ina. Ukadaulo wopanga mipiringidzo umatha kusintha molondola kugawa kutentha ndi momwe madzi amayendera padziwe losungunuka. Mwa kuwongolera kugawa kwa mphamvu ya laser, dziwe losungunuka lokhazikika lomwe lili ndi kutentha pang'ono limapezeka. Kugawa mphamvu ya laser koyenera ndikothandiza poletsa ma porosity ndi zolakwika zotuluka, komanso kukonza mtundu wa kusindikiza kwa laser pazigawo zachitsulo. Kutha kukwaniritsa kusintha kosiyanasiyana pakupanga bwino komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ufa. Nthawi yomweyo, ukadaulo wopanga mipiringidzo umatipatsa njira zambiri zogwirira ntchito, zomwe zimamasula kwambiri ufulu wopanga njira, zomwe ndi kupita patsogolo kwakukulu muukadaulo wopanga zowonjezera za laser.