Kuwotcherera kwa laserzitha kukwaniritsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito matabwa opitilira kapena opangidwa ndi laser. Mfundo zalaser kuwotchereraakhoza kugawidwa mu kuwotcherera conduction kutentha ndi kuwotcherera laser kwambiri malowedwe. Pamene kachulukidwe mphamvu ndi zosakwana 104 ~ 105 W/cm2, ndi kutentha conduction kuwotcherera. Panthawiyi, kuya kwa kulowa mkati kumakhala kozama ndipo liwiro la kuwotcherera ndilochedwa; pamene kachulukidwe mphamvu ndi wamkulu kuposa 105 ~ 107 W/cm2, pamwamba zitsulo ndi concave mu "mabowo" chifukwa cha kutentha, kupanga kuwotcherera kwambiri malowedwe, amene ali ndi makhalidwe a liwiro kuwotcherera mofulumira ndi chiŵerengero chachikulu mbali. Mfundo ya matenthedwe conductionlaser kuwotchererandi: laser cheza kutenthetsa pamwamba kuti kukonzedwa, ndi kutentha pamwamba diffuses kuti mkati mwa matenthedwe conduction. Powongolera magawo a laser monga kukula kwa laser pulse, mphamvu, mphamvu yapamwamba, komanso kubwereza pafupipafupi, chogwiriracho chimasungunuka kuti chipange dziwe losungunuka.
Kuwotcherera kozama kwa laser nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsa ntchito mtengo wopitilira laser kuti amalize kulumikizana kwazinthu. Mapangidwe ake azitsulo ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi kuwotcherera kwa electron mtengo, ndiko kuti, njira yosinthira mphamvu imatsirizidwa kudzera mu "key-hole".
Pansi pa kuwala kwa laser ndi mphamvu yokwanira yokwanira mphamvu, zinthuzo zimasanduka nthunzi ndipo mabowo ang'onoang'ono amapangidwa. Bowo laling'onoli lodzaza ndi nthunzi lili ngati thupi lakuda, lomwe limatengera pafupifupi mphamvu zonse za mtengowo. Kutentha kofanana mu dzenje kumafika pafupifupi 2500°C. Kutentha kumasamutsidwa kuchokera ku khoma lakunja la dzenje lapamwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitsulo zozungulira dzenje zisungunuke. Bowo laling'ono limadzazidwa ndi nthunzi yotentha kwambiri yomwe imapangidwa ndi kutuluka kosalekeza kwa khoma la khoma pansi pa kuwala kwa mtengowo. Makoma a dzenje laling'ono azunguliridwa ndi chitsulo chosungunula, ndi madzi zitsulo wazunguliridwa ndi zipangizo olimba (mu njira kwambiri ochiritsira kuwotcherera ndi laser conduction kuwotcherera, mphamvu choyamba Amaika pamwamba pa workpiece ndiyeno kutumizidwa mkati ndi kutengerapo. ). The madzi otaya kunja dzenje khoma ndi padziko mavuto a khoma wosanjikiza ali mu gawo ndi mosalekeza kwaiye nthunzi kuthamanga mu dzenje patsekeke ndi kukhalabe zazikulu bwino. Mtsinje wowala umapitirira kulowa mu dzenje laling'ono, ndipo zinthu zomwe zili kunja kwa dzenje laling'ono zimayenda mosalekeza. Pamene kuwala kowala kumayenda, dzenje laling'ono nthawi zonse limakhala lokhazikika.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti, kabowo kakang'ono ndi chitsulo chosungunula chozungulira khoma la dzenjelo zimapita patsogolo ndi liwiro la kutsogolo kwa mtengo woyendetsa ndege. Chitsulo chosungunuka chimadzaza mpata wotsalira pambuyo pochotsa dzenje laling'ono ndikumangirira moyenerera, ndipo weld amapangidwa. Zonsezi zimachitika mwachangu kwambiri kotero kuti kuthamanga kwa kuwotcherera kumatha kufika mamita angapo pamphindi.
Pambuyo pomvetsetsa mfundo zazikuluzikulu za kachulukidwe ka mphamvu, kuwotcherera kwa matenthedwe, ndi kuwotcherera kozama kolowera, tidzatsatira kuwunika kofananira kwa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ndi magawo a metallographic amitundu yosiyanasiyana yapakati.
Kuyerekeza kuyesa kuwotcherera kutengera ma diameter wamba a laser pachimake pamsika:
Kuchulukana kwamphamvu kwa malo olunjika a ma laser okhala ndi ma diameter osiyanasiyana
Kuchokera pakuwona kachulukidwe ka mphamvu, pansi pa mphamvu yomweyo, kuchepera kwapakati pakatikati, kuwala kwa laser kumapangitsanso mphamvu zambiri. Ngati laser ikufaniziridwa ndi mpeni wakuthwa, chocheperako m'mimba mwake, laser imakhala yakuthwa. Kuchulukana kwamphamvu kwa laser 14um core diameter ndi kupitilira 50 kuposa laser 100um core dialysis, ndipo kuthekera kokonza kumakhala kolimba. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwamphamvu komwe kumawerengeredwa apa ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono chabe. Kugawa kwenikweni kwa mphamvu ndikugawa pafupifupi kwa Gaussian, ndipo mphamvu yapakati idzakhala kangapo kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi.
Chithunzi chojambula chogawa mphamvu za laser chokhala ndi ma diameter osiyanasiyana
Mtundu wa chithunzi chogawa mphamvu ndikugawa mphamvu. Mtundu wofiyira, umakweza mphamvu. Mphamvu yofiira ndi malo omwe mphamvu zimayikidwa. Kupyolera mu kugawa kwamphamvu kwa laser kwa matabwa a laser okhala ndi mainchesi osiyanasiyana oyambira, zitha kuwoneka kuti kutsogolo kwa laser sikuli lakuthwa ndipo mtengo wa laser ndi wakuthwa. Zing'onozing'ono, mphamvu zambiri zimakhala pa mfundo imodzi, zimakhala zakuthwa komanso mphamvu zake zolowera.
Kuyerekeza kwa kuwotcherera kwa ma laser okhala ndi ma diameter osiyanasiyana
Kuyerekeza kwa lasers okhala ndi mainchesi osiyanasiyana apakati:
(1) Kuyesera kumagwiritsa ntchito liwiro la 150mm / s, kuyang'ana malo owotcherera, ndipo zinthuzo ndi 1 aluminium 1, 2mm wandiweyani;
(2) Kukula kwa mainchesi apakati, kukulirakulira m'lifupi mwake kusungunuka, kukulira komwe kumakhudzidwa ndi kutentha, komanso kucheperako kwa mphamvu yamagetsi. Pamene m'mimba mwake pachimake kuposa 200um, n'kosavuta kukwaniritsa kuya malowedwe pa aloyi mkulu-kuchitapo kanthu monga zotayidwa ndi mkuwa, ndi apamwamba Kuzama kuloŵa kuwotcherera chingapezeke kokha ndi mkulu mphamvu;
(3) Ma lasers ang'onoang'ono amakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri ndipo amatha kubowola mwachangu mabowo achinsinsi pamwamba pa zinthu zokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso madera ang'onoang'ono omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha. Komabe, panthawi imodzimodziyo, pamwamba pa kuwotcherera kumakhala kovuta, ndipo chiwopsezo cha kugwa kwa keyhole ndichokwera kwambiri panthawi yowotcherera mofulumira, ndipo khomo lachinsinsi limatsekedwa panthawi yowotcherera. Kuzungulira kwake ndi kwautali, ndipo zolakwika monga zolakwika ndi pores zimatha kuchitika. Ndi oyenera kukonza-liwiro processing kapena processing ndi kugwedezeka trajectory;
(4) Ma lasers akulu akulu akulu amakhala ndi mawanga akulu akulu komanso mphamvu zobalalika, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kutsitsimutsanso, kuphimba, kuwongolera ndi njira zina.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-06-2023
