The wapawiri-mtengo kuwotcherera njira akufuna, makamaka kuthetsa kusinthasintha walaser kuwotchererakuti msonkhano molondola, kusintha bata wa ndondomeko kuwotcherera, ndi kusintha khalidwe la kuwotcherera, makamaka woonda mbale kuwotcherera ndi zitsulo zotayidwa aloyi kuwotcherera. Kuwotcherera kwa laser kowirikiza kawiri kutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowonera kuti alekanitse laser yomweyi m'miyendo iwiri yosiyana ya kuwala kwa kuwotcherera. Itha kugwiritsanso ntchito mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya ma lasers kuphatikiza, laser CO2, Nd:YAG laser ndi laser semiconductor yamphamvu kwambiri. zitha kuphatikizidwa. Ndi kusintha mtengo mphamvu, matabwa katalikirana, ndipo ngakhale mphamvu kugawa chitsanzo cha matabwa awiri, kuwotcherera kumunda kutentha akhoza kusinthidwa conveniently ndi flexibly, kusintha kukhalapo chitsanzo mabowo ndi otaya chitsanzo cha madzi zitsulo mu dziwe losungunuka. , kupereka njira yabwino yothetsera kuwotcherera. Danga lalikulu lachisankho silingafanane ndi kuwotcherera kwa laser single-beam. Sikuti ali ndi ubwino waukulu laser kuwotcherera malowedwe, mofulumira liwiro ndi mwatsatanetsatane mkulu, komanso ali ndi kusinthasintha kwambiri kwa zipangizo ndi mfundo zovuta kuwotcherera ndi ochiritsira laser kuwotcherera.
Mfundo yakuwotcherera kwa laser awiri
Kuwotcherera kawiri kumatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito matabwa awiri a laser nthawi imodzi panthawi yowotcherera. Makonzedwe a matabwa, kusiyana kwa matabwa, ngodya pakati pa matabwa awiriwo, malo olunjika ndi chiŵerengero cha mphamvu za matabwa awiriwo ndi zoikamo zogwirizana ndi kuwotcherera kwa laser kawiri. parameter. Nthawi zambiri, pakuwotcherera, pali njira ziwiri zokonzera matabwa awiri. Monga momwe chithunzichi chikusonyezera, imodzi imakonzedwa motsatizana ndi njira yowotcherera. Kukonzekera kumeneku kungathe kuchepetsa kuzizira kwa dziwe losungunuka. Amachepetsa kuuma chizolowezi cha weld ndi m'badwo wa pores. Wina ndi kuwakonza mbali ndi mbali kapena kuwoloka mbali zonse za weld kuti azitha kusinthasintha ndi kusiyana kwa weld.
Double mtengo laser kuwotcherera mfundo
Kuwotcherera kawiri kumatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito matabwa awiri a laser nthawi imodzi panthawi yowotcherera. Makonzedwe a matabwa, kusiyana kwa matabwa, ngodya pakati pa matabwa awiriwo, malo olunjika ndi chiŵerengero cha mphamvu za matabwa awiriwo ndi zoikamo zogwirizana ndi kuwotcherera kwa laser kawiri. parameter. Nthawi zambiri, pakuwotcherera, pali njira ziwiri zokonzera matabwa awiri. Monga momwe chithunzichi chikusonyezera, imodzi imakonzedwa motsatizana ndi njira yowotcherera. Kukonzekera kumeneku kungathe kuchepetsa kuzizira kwa dziwe losungunuka. Amachepetsa kuuma chizolowezi cha weld ndi m'badwo wa pores. Wina ndi kuwakonza mbali ndi mbali kapena kuwoloka mbali zonse za weld kuti azitha kusinthasintha ndi kusiyana kwa weld.
Pa makina owotcherera a laser opangidwa ndi tandem, pali njira zitatu zosiyana zowotcherera kutengera mtunda wapakati pa matabwa akutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, monga momwe chithunzi chili pansipa.
1. Mu mtundu woyamba wa makina owotcherera, mtunda wapakati pa mizati iwiri ya kuwala ndi yayikulu. Mtsinje umodzi wa kuwala umakhala ndi mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu ndipo umayang'ana pamwamba pa workpiece kuti apange ma keyholes mu kuwotcherera; kuwala kwina kuli ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka mphamvu. Amangogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero la kutentha kwa pre-weld kapena post-weld heat treatment. Pogwiritsa ntchito kuwotcherera limagwirira, kuzirala kwa dziwe kuwotcherera akhoza lizilamuliridwa mu osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana, amene n'kopindulitsa kuwotcherera zipangizo ndi mkulu mng'alu tilinazo, monga mkulu mpweya zitsulo, aloyi zitsulo, etc., komanso akhoza kusintha kulimba. wa weld.
2. Mu mtundu wachiwiri wa makina owotcherera, mtunda wolunjika pakati pa matabwa awiri a kuwala ndi wochepa. Miyendo iwiri ya kuwala imatulutsa makiyi awiri odziyimira pawokha mu dziwe lowotcherera, lomwe limasintha kayendedwe ka chitsulo chamadzimadzi ndikuthandizira kupewa kugwidwa. Itha kuthetsa kupezeka kwa zolakwika monga m'mphepete ndi ma weld bulges ndikuwongolera mapangidwe a weld.
3. Mu mtundu wachitatu wa makina owotcherera, mtunda wapakati pa nyali ziwiri za kuwala ndi wochepa kwambiri. Panthawi imeneyi, kuwala kwawiriko kumatulutsa makiyi omwewo mu dziwe lowotcherera. Poyerekeza ndi kuwotcherera single-mtengo laser, chifukwa keyhole kukula kumakhala kokulirapo ndipo sikophweka kutseka, ndondomeko kuwotcherera ndi khola kwambiri ndi mpweya mosavuta kutulutsa, amene n'kopindulitsa kuchepetsa pores ndi sipatter, ndi kupeza mosalekeza, yunifolomu ndi zowotcherera zokongola.
Panthawi yowotcherera, matabwa awiri a laser amathanso kupangidwa pamakona ena. Njira yowotcherera ndi yofanana ndi njira yowotcherera yawiri iwiri. Zotsatira zoyesa zikuwonetsa kuti pogwiritsa ntchito ma OO awiri amphamvu kwambiri okhala ndi ngodya ya 30 ° kwa wina ndi mnzake komanso mtunda wa 1 ~ 2mm, mtengo wa laser ukhoza kupeza chibowo choboola ngati funnel. Kukula kwa keyhole ndikokulirapo komanso kokhazikika, komwe kumatha kuwongolera bwino momwe kuwotcherera. Mu ntchito zothandiza, kuphatikiza pamodzi kwa matabwa awiri a kuwala kungasinthidwe molingana ndi mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yowotcherera kuti mukwaniritse njira zosiyanasiyana zowotcherera.
6. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito kuwotcherera kwa laser yawiri
Kupeza matabwa awiri kutha kupezeka pophatikiza matabwa awiri osiyana a laser, kapena mtengo umodzi wa laser ukhoza kugawidwa m'miyendo iwiri ya laser yowotcherera pogwiritsa ntchito optical spectrometry system. Kugawaniza kuwala mumitundu iwiri yofanana ya laser yamphamvu zosiyanasiyana, chowonera kapena mawonekedwe apadera atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa zithunzi ziwiri zamapangidwe a mfundo zogawanitsa kuwala pogwiritsa ntchito magalasi owunikira ngati ma splitter.
Kuphatikiza apo, chowunikira chingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati chogawanitsa, ndipo chowonetsera chomaliza munjira ya kuwala chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chogawanitsa. Mtundu woterewu umatchedwanso chowonetsera padenga. Kuwala kwake sikukhala kosalala, koma kumakhala ndi ndege ziwiri. Mzere wa mphambano wa malo awiri owonetserako uli pakati pa galasi pamwamba, mofanana ndi denga la denga, monga momwe tawonetsera pachithunzichi. Kuwala kwa kuwala kofananira kumawalira pa spectroscope, kumawonetsedwa ndi ndege ziwiri zokhala ndi ngodya zosiyanasiyana kuti zipange nthiti ziwiri za kuwala, ndikuwalira pa malo osiyanasiyana a galasi loyang'ana. Pambuyo poyang'ana, matabwa awiri a kuwala amapezedwa pamtunda wina pamwamba pa workpiece. Mwa kusintha ngodya pakati pa malo awiri owonetsera ndi malo a denga, zitsulo zogawanika zokhala ndi mtunda wosiyana siyana ndi makonzedwe amatha kupezeka.
Pamene ntchito mitundu iwiri yosiyana yama laser to kupanga mtengo wawiri, pali zophatikizira zambiri. Laser yapamwamba kwambiri ya CO2 yokhala ndi mphamvu yogawa mphamvu ya Gaussian ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa ntchito yayikulu yowotcherera, ndipo laser ya semiconductor yokhala ndi mphamvu yamakona anayi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthandizira ntchito yochizira kutentha. Kumbali imodzi, kuphatikiza uku ndikokwera mtengo kwambiri. Kumbali ina, mphamvu ya nyali ziwiri zowala zimatha kusinthidwa paokha. Pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yolumikizirana, gawo la kutentha losinthika limatha kupezeka posintha malo ophatikizika a laser ndi semiconductor laser, yomwe ili yoyenera kuwotcherera. Kuwongolera njira. Kuphatikiza apo, laser ya YAG ndi CO2 laser imathanso kuphatikizidwa kukhala mtanda wowirikiza wowotcherera, laser wopitilira ndi kugunda kwa laser zitha kuphatikizidwa kuti ziwotcherera, ndipo mtengo wolunjika ndi mtengo wosakanizidwa zitha kuphatikizidwanso kuwotcherera.
7. Mfundo ya kuwotcherera kwa laser yawiri-mtengo
3.1 Kuwotcherera kwa laser kowirikiza kawiri kwa mapepala opangidwa ndi malata
Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi galvanized ndicho chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani opanga magalimoto. Chitsulo chimasungunuka ndi pafupifupi 1500 ° C, pamene zinki otentha ndi 906 ° C okha. Choncho, pogwiritsira ntchito njira yowotcherera maphatikizidwe, nthunzi yambiri ya zinki nthawi zambiri imapangidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuwotcherera kukhale kosakhazikika. , kupanga pores mu weld. Kwa zingwe zolumikizirana, kugwedezeka kwa gawo la galvanized sikungochitika kumtunda ndi m'munsi, komanso kumachitika pamtunda. Panthawi yowotcherera, nthunzi ya zinki imatuluka msanga m’dziwe losungunuka m’madera ena, pamene m’madera ena n’kovuta kuti nthunzi wa zinki utuluke mu dziwe losungunuka. Pamwamba pa dziwe, kuwotcherera khalidwe ndi wosakhazikika kwambiri.
Kuwotcherera kwa laser kowirikiza kawiri kumatha kuthana ndi zovuta zowotcherera zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi nthunzi ya zinki. Njira imodzi ndiyo kuwongolera kukhalapo kwa nthawi ndi kuzizira kwa dziwe losungunuka mwa kufananiza moyenerera mphamvu ya matabwa awiriwo kuti zinki zituluke; njira ina ndi Kutulutsa mpweya wa zinki pokhomerera kapena kukokomeza. Monga chithunzi 6-31, CO2 laser imagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera. Laser ya YAG ili kutsogolo kwa laser ya CO2 ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuboola mabowo kapena kudula ma grooves. Mabowo okonzedwa kale kapena ma groove amapereka njira yopulumukira kwa nthunzi ya zinki yomwe imapangidwa panthawi yowotcherera motsatira, kulepheretsa kukhalabe mu dziwe losungunuka ndikupanga zolakwika.
3.2 Kuwotcherera kwa laser kowirikiza kawiri kwa aluminium alloy
Chifukwa cha magwiridwe antchito apadera a zida zotayidwa aloyi, pali zovuta zotsatirazi kugwiritsa ntchito laser kuwotcherera [39]: zotayidwa aloyi ali otsika mlingo mayamwidwe laser, ndi reflectivity koyamba wa CO2 laser mtengo pamwamba kuposa 90%; zitsulo zotayidwa aloyi laser kuwotcherera seams zosavuta kubala Porosity, ming'alu; kuyaka kwa aloyi zinthu pa kuwotcherera, etc. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito kuwotcherera limodzi laser, n'zovuta kukhazikitsa keyhole ndi kukhala bata. Kuwotcherera kwa laser kawiri kumatha kukulitsa kukula kwa bowo la kiyi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti bowo la kiyi litseke, zomwe zimapindulitsa kutulutsa mpweya. Zitha kuchepetsanso kuzizira komanso kuchepetsa kupezeka kwa pores ndi ming'alu yowotcherera. Popeza njira yowotcherera imakhala yokhazikika komanso kuchuluka kwa spatter kumachepetsedwa, mawonekedwe a weld pamwamba omwe amapezedwa ndi kuwotcherera kwamitundu iwiri ya aluminiyamu ndiabwino kwambiri kuposa kuwotcherera kwa mtengo umodzi. Chithunzi 6-32 chikuwonetsa mawonekedwe a weld msoko wa 3mm wandiweyani zotayidwa aloyi matako kuwotcherera pogwiritsa ntchito CO2 single-mtengo laser ndi iwiri mtanda laser kuwotcherera.
Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti pamene kuwotcherera 2mm wandiweyani 5000 mndandanda zotayidwa aloyi, pamene mtunda pakati pa matabwa awiri ndi 0.6 ~ 1.0mm, ndondomeko kuwotcherera ndi khola ndipo keyhole kutsegula anapanga ndi yaikulu, amene amathandiza kuti evaporation ndi kuthawa kwa magnesium pa nthawi. njira kuwotcherera. Ngati mtunda pakati pa matabwa awiriwo ndi wochepa kwambiri, kuwotcherera kwa mtengo umodzi sikudzakhala kokhazikika. Ngati mtunda uli waukulu kwambiri, kuwotcherera kumakhudzidwa, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 6-33. Komanso, chiŵerengero cha mphamvu ya matabwa awiri amathandizanso kwambiri pa kuwotcherera khalidwe. Pamene matabwa awiri okhala ndi katayanitsidwe ka 0.9mm akonzedwa motsatizana kuwotcherera, mphamvu ya mtengo wapitawo iyenera kuonjezedwa moyenerera kuti chiŵerengero champhamvu cha matabwa awiriwo chisanachitike ndi pambuyo chikhale chachikulu kuposa 1: 1. Ndizothandiza kuwongolera mtundu wa kuwotcherera msoko, kukulitsa malo osungunuka, ndikupezabe msoko wosalala komanso wokongola wowotcherera pomwe liwiro la kuwotcherera lili lalitali.
3.3 Kuwotcherera kawiri mtengo wa mbale za makulidwe osafanana
Popanga mafakitale, nthawi zambiri pamafunika kuwotcherera zitsulo ziwiri kapena zingapo za makulidwe ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana kuti apange mbale yophatikizika. Makamaka pakupanga magalimoto, kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zomangira telala zikuchulukirachulukira. Ndi kuwotcherera mbale ndi specifications osiyana, zokutira pamwamba kapena katundu, mphamvu akhoza ziwonjezeke, consumables kuchepetsedwa, ndi khalidwe kuchepetsedwa. Kuwotcherera kwa laser mbale za makulidwe osiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera mapanelo. Vuto lalikulu ndilakuti mbale zowotcherera ziyenera kukonzedweratu ndi m'mphepete mwapamwamba ndikuwonetsetsa kusonkhana kwapamwamba. Kugwiritsa ntchito kuwotcherera pawiri-mtengo wa mbale wosafanana makulidwe amatha kusintha kusintha kosiyanasiyana kwa mipata ya mbale, zolumikizira matako, makulidwe achibale ndi zida za mbale. Imatha kuwotcherera mbale zokhala ndi malire okulirapo komanso kulolerana kwapakati ndikuwongolera liwiro la kuwotcherera komanso mtundu wa weld.
Njira zazikuluzikulu za kuwotcherera kwa Shuangguangdong za mbale za makulidwe osafanana zitha kugawidwa m'magawo azowotcherera ndi magawo a mbale, monga momwe tawonera pachithunzichi. Kuwotcherera magawo monga mphamvu ya matabwa awiri laser, kuwotcherera liwiro, malo kuganizira, kuwotcherera mutu ngodya, mtengo kasinthasintha ngodya ya iwiri mtanda butt olowa ndi kuwotcherera kuchotsera, etc. Board magawo monga chuma kukula, ntchito, yokonza mipata, bolodi mipata. , etc. Mphamvu ya matabwa awiri a laser akhoza kusinthidwa mosiyana malinga ndi zolinga zosiyanasiyana zowotcherera. Malo owonetsetsa nthawi zambiri amakhala pamwamba pa mbale yopyapyala kuti akwaniritse njira yowotcherera yokhazikika komanso yothandiza. Kuwotcherera mutu angle nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa kukhala mozungulira 6. Ngati makulidwe a mbale ziwirizo ndi zazikulu kwambiri, njira yabwino yowotcherera mutu ingagwiritsidwe ntchito, ndiko kuti, laser imapendekera ku mbale yopyapyala, monga momwe tawonetsera pa chithunzichi; pamene makulidwe a mbale ndi ochepa, mutu wokhotakhota wolakwika ungagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kuwotcherera kumatanthauzidwa ngati mtunda pakati pa laser focus ndi m'mphepete mwa mbale wandiweyani. Mwa kusintha kuwotcherera kuchotsera, kuchuluka kwa weld dent kumatha kuchepetsedwa ndipo gawo labwino la weld lingapezeke.
Mukawotchera mbale zokhala ndi mipata yayikulu, mutha kukulitsa kutenthetsa kwamitengo yogwira ntchito pozungulira ngodya ziwiri zamitengo kuti mupeze kuthekera kodzaza mipata. M'lifupi mwake pamwamba pa weld imatsimikiziridwa ndi momwe mtengowo umakhalira wa matabwa awiri a laser, ndiye kuti, kuzungulira kwa mtengowo. Kukula kozungulira kozungulira, kufalikira kwa kutentha kwa mtengo wawiri, komanso kukulirakulira kwa kumtunda kwa weld. Mitanda iwiri ya laser imagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana pakuwotcherera. Imodzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kulowa msoko, pomwe ina imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kusungunula mbale zochindikala kuti zitheke. Monga momwe chithunzi 6-35 chikusonyezera, pansi pa ngodya yozungulira yozungulira bwino (mtengo wakutsogolo umachita pa mbale yokhuthala, kumbuyo kwake kumagwira ntchito pakuwotcherera), mtandawo umakhala pa mbale yokhuthala kuti itenthe ndi kusungunula zinthuzo, chotsatira Chotsatira cha laser mtengo chimapanga kulowa. Mtsinje woyamba wa laser kutsogolo ukhoza kusungunula mbale yokhuthala pang'ono, koma umathandizira kwambiri pakuwotcherera, chifukwa sikuti umangosungunula mbali ya mbale yokhuthala kuti ukhale wodzaza bwino, komanso umalowanso m'malo olumikizirana. matabwa otsatirawa Ndikosavuta kuwotcherera kudzera m'malo olumikizirana mafupa, kulola kuwotcherera mwachangu. Mu kuwotcherera kwamitengo iwiri yokhala ndi ngodya yozungulira yoyipa (mtengo wakutsogolo umagwira pawotcherera, ndipo mtengo wakumbuyo umagwira pa mbale yokhuthala), matabwa awiriwa amakhala ndi zotsatira zosiyana. Mtanda wakale umasungunula cholumikiziracho, ndipo mtengo womalizirawo umasungunula mbale yokhuthala kuti idzaze. kusiyana. Pankhaniyi, mtengo wakutsogolo umayenera kuwotcherera mu mbale yozizira, ndipo liwiro la kuwotcherera limakhala locheperako kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito ngodya yabwino yozungulira. Ndipo chifukwa cha preheating zotsatira za mtengo wapitawo, mtengo wotsirizirawo umasungunuka kwambiri pansi pa mphamvu yomweyo. Pankhaniyi, mphamvu ya mtengo wotsiriza wa laser iyenera kuchepetsedwa moyenera. Poyerekeza, kugwiritsa ntchito ngodya yozungulira yozungulira kumatha kukulitsa liwiro la kuwotcherera moyenera, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito ngodya yozungulira yoyipa kumatha kudzaza mipata yabwinoko. Chithunzi 6-36 chikuwonetsa mphamvu ya ngodya zosiyanasiyana zozungulira pamtanda wa weld.
3.4 Kuwotcherera kwa laser kowirikiza kwa mbale zazikulu zokhuthala Ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu ya laser ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali, kuwotcherera kwa laser kwa mbale zazikulu zazikulu zakhala zenizeni. Komabe, chifukwa ma laser amphamvu kwambiri ndi okwera mtengo komanso kuwotcherera kwa mbale zazikulu zokhuthala nthawi zambiri kumafuna zitsulo zodzaza, pali zoletsa zina pakupanga kwenikweni. Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapawiri-mtengo wa laser kuwotcherera sikungangowonjezera mphamvu ya laser, komanso kukulitsa mphamvu yowotchera yamtengo wapatali, kukulitsa luso la kusungunula waya, kukhazikika kwa keyhole ya laser, kupititsa patsogolo kukhazikika kwa kuwotcherera, ndikuwongolera mtundu wa kuwotcherera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-29-2024
