Njira yowotcherera yokhala ndi mipiringidzo iwiri ikuperekedwa, makamaka pofuna kuthetsa kusinthasintha kwakuwotcherera ndi laserkulondola kophatikiza, kukonza kukhazikika kwa njira yolumikizira, ndikukweza mtundu wa weld, makamaka pakulumikiza mbale zopyapyala ndi kuwotcherera aluminiyamu. Kulumikiza laser yokhala ndi beam iwiri kungagwiritse ntchito njira zowunikira kuti kulekanitse laser yomweyo m'magawo awiri osiyana a kuwala kuti kuwotcherera. Kungagwiritsenso ntchito mitundu iwiri yosiyanasiyana ya laser kuti iphatikizidwe, CO2 laser, Nd:YAG laser ndi high-power semiconductor laser. ikhoza kuphatikizidwa. Mwa kusintha mphamvu ya beam, mtunda wa beam, komanso mawonekedwe ogawa mphamvu a ma beam awiriwa, gawo la kutentha kwa weld lingasinthidwe mosavuta komanso mosinthasintha, kusintha mawonekedwe a mabowo ndi mawonekedwe a madzi achitsulo mu dziwe losungunuka, kupereka yankho labwino kwambiri panjira yolumikizira weld. Malo ambiri osankhidwa ndi osayerekezeka ndi kuwotcherera laser yokhala ndi beam imodzi. Sikuti ili ndi ubwino wolowa mkati mwa weld yayikulu ya laser, liwiro lachangu komanso kulondola kwambiri, komanso imatha kusinthasintha kwambiri kuzinthu ndi malo olumikizirana omwe ndi ovuta kuwotcherera ndi kuwotcherera kwa laser wamba.
Mfundo yakuwotcherera kwa laser kwa mipiringidzo iwiri
Kuwotcherera kwa double-beam kumatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito matabwa awiri a laser nthawi imodzi panthawi yowotcherera. Makonzedwe a matabwa, malo olumikizirana, ngodya pakati pa matabwa awiriwa, malo olunjika ndi chiŵerengero cha mphamvu cha matabwa awiriwa ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa parameter ya kuwotcherera kwa matabwa awiri a laser. Kawirikawiri, panthawi yowotcherera, nthawi zambiri pamakhala njira ziwiri zokonzera matabwa awiriwa. Monga momwe chithunzichi chikusonyezera, imodzi imakonzedwa motsatizana motsatira njira yowotcherera. Makonzedwe amenewa amatha kuchepetsa kuzizira kwa dziwe losungunuka. Amachepetsa kulimba kwa weld komanso kupanga ma pores. Ina ndikuwayika mbali imodzi kapena mbali zonse ziwiri za weld kuti azitha kusintha mosavuta ku weld gap.
Mfundo yowotcherera ya laser ya double beam
Kuwotcherera kwa double-beam kumatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito matabwa awiri a laser nthawi imodzi panthawi yowotcherera. Makonzedwe a matabwa, malo olumikizirana, ngodya pakati pa matabwa awiriwa, malo olunjika ndi chiŵerengero cha mphamvu cha matabwa awiriwa ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa parameter ya kuwotcherera kwa matabwa awiri a laser. Kawirikawiri, panthawi yowotcherera, nthawi zambiri pamakhala njira ziwiri zokonzera matabwa awiriwa. Monga momwe chithunzichi chikusonyezera, imodzi imakonzedwa motsatizana motsatira njira yowotcherera. Makonzedwe amenewa amatha kuchepetsa kuzizira kwa dziwe losungunuka. Amachepetsa kulimba kwa weld komanso kupanga ma pores. Ina ndikuwayika mbali imodzi kapena mbali zonse ziwiri za weld kuti azitha kusintha mosavuta ku weld gap.
Pa makina owetera a laser okonzedwa ndi mipiringidzo iwiri, pali njira zitatu zosiyana zowetera kutengera mtunda pakati pa matabwa akutsogolo ndi akumbuyo, monga momwe chithunzi chili pansipa chikusonyezera.
1. Mu mtundu woyamba wa njira yolumikizira magetsi, mtunda pakati pa magetsi awiri a kuwala ndi waukulu. Kuwala kumodzi kumakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri ndipo kumayang'ana pamwamba pa ntchito kuti apange mabowo ofunikira mu cholumikizira magetsi; kuwala kwina kumakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa. Kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero la kutentha kokha pothandizira kutentha kwa pre-weld kapena post-weld. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizira magetsi iyi, liwiro lozizira la dziwe lolumikizira magetsi likhoza kulamulidwa mkati mwa mtunda winawake, zomwe zimathandiza polumikiza zipangizo zina zomwe zimakhala ndi ming'alu yambiri, monga chitsulo cha carbon yambiri, chitsulo cha alloy, ndi zina zotero, ndipo zingathandizenso kulimba kwa cholumikizira magetsi.
2. Mu mtundu wachiwiri wa njira yolumikizira magetsi, mtunda wolunjika pakati pa magetsi awiriwa ndi wochepa. Magetsi awiriwa a kuwala amapanga mabowo awiri odziyimira pawokha mu dziwe lolumikizira magetsi, zomwe zimasintha kayendedwe ka chitsulo chamadzimadzi ndikuthandiza kupewa kugwidwa. Zingathe kuchotsa zolakwika monga m'mphepete ndi kuphulika kwa mikanda yamagetsi ndikukonza mapangidwe a magetsi.
3. Mu mtundu wachitatu wa njira yolumikizira magetsi, mtunda pakati pa magetsi awiri a kuwala ndi wochepa kwambiri. Panthawiyi, magetsi awiri a kuwala amapanga dzenje lomwelo mu dziwe lolumikizira magetsi. Poyerekeza ndi kuwotcherera kwa laser yokhala ndi beam imodzi, chifukwa kukula kwa dzenje la makina kumakhala kwakukulu ndipo sikophweka kutseka, njira yolumikizira magetsi imakhala yokhazikika ndipo mpweya umakhala wosavuta kutulutsa, zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa ma pores ndi madontho, komanso kupeza ma welds osasunthika, ofanana komanso okongola.
Pa nthawi yothira machubu, machubu awiri a laser amathanso kupangidwa pa ngodya inayake. Njira yothira machubu imafanana ndi njira yothira machubu awiri ofanana. Zotsatira za mayeso zikuwonetsa kuti pogwiritsa ntchito ma OO awiri amphamvu kwambiri okhala ndi ngodya ya 30° wina ndi mnzake komanso mtunda wa 1 ~ 2mm, machubu a laser amatha kupeza thumba la machubu looneka ngati funnel. Kukula kwa thumba la machubu ndi kwakukulu komanso kokhazikika, zomwe zingathandize bwino kuthira machubu. Mu ntchito zothandiza, kuphatikizana kwa machubu awiri a kuwala kumatha kusinthidwa malinga ndi mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yothira machubu kuti akwaniritse njira zosiyanasiyana zothira machubu.
6. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito kuwotcherera kwa laser yokhala ndi mipiringidzo iwiri
Kupeza mipiringidzo iwiri kungapezeke mwa kuphatikiza mipiringidzo iwiri yosiyana ya laser, kapena mipiringidzo imodzi ya laser ingagawidwe m'mipiringidzo iwiri ya laser yolumikizira pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya optical spectrometry. Kuti mugawanitse kuwala m'mipiringidzo iwiri yofanana ya laser yamphamvu zosiyanasiyana, spectroscope kapena njira ina yapadera yowunikira ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa zithunzi ziwiri zosonyeza mfundo zogawanitsa kuwala pogwiritsa ntchito magalasi owunikira ngati zogawanitsa mipiringidzo.
Kuphatikiza apo, chowunikira chingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati chogawaniza beam, ndipo chowunikira chomaliza munjira yowunikira chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chogawaniza beam. Mtundu uwu wa chowunikira umatchedwanso chowunikira chamtundu wa denga. Malo ake owunikira si malo athyathyathya, koma amakhala ndi mapulaneti awiri. Mzere wolumikizirana wa malo awiri owunikira uli pakati pa galasi, mofanana ndi denga la denga, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzichi. Kuwala kwa kuwala kofanana kumawala pa spectroscope, kumawonetsedwa ndi mapulaneti awiri pamakona osiyanasiyana kuti apange magetsi awiri a kuwala, ndipo kumawala pamalo osiyanasiyana a galasi lowunikira. Pambuyo powunikira, magetsi awiri a kuwala amapezeka pamtunda winawake pamwamba pa ntchito. Mwa kusintha ngodya pakati pa malo awiri owunikira ndi malo a denga, magetsi ogawanika okhala ndi mtunda wosiyana komanso makonzedwe osiyanasiyana amatha kupezeka.
Mukagwiritsa ntchito mitundu iwiri yosiyana yakuwala kwa laser tNgati mupanga mtanda wawiri, pali mitundu yambiri yosakanikirana. Laser ya CO2 yapamwamba kwambiri yokhala ndi kugawa kwa mphamvu ya Gaussian ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa ntchito yayikulu yowotcherera, ndipo laser ya semiconductor yokhala ndi kugawa kwa mphamvu ya rectangular ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pothandizira ntchito yokonza kutentha. Kumbali imodzi, kuphatikiza kumeneku ndikotsika mtengo. Kumbali ina, mphamvu ya kuwala kwa magetsi awiriwa imatha kusinthidwa payokha. Pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yolumikizirana, gawo losinthika la kutentha lingapezeke posintha malo olumikizirana a laser ndi laser ya semiconductor, yomwe ndi yoyenera kwambiri kuwotcherera. Kuwongolera njira. Kuphatikiza apo, laser ya YAG ndi laser ya CO2 zitha kuphatikizidwanso kukhala mtanda wawiri wowotcherera, laser yopitilira ndi laser ya pulse zitha kuphatikizidwa kuti ziwotchere, ndipo mtanda wolunjika ndi mtanda wosasunthika zitha kuphatikizidwanso kuti ziwotchere.
7. Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito laser yolumikizira mipiringidzo iwiri
3.1 Kuwotcherera kwa ma galvanized pogwiritsa ntchito laser ya double-beam
Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi galvanized ndi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakampani opanga magalimoto. Kutentha kwa chitsulo kumakhala pafupifupi 1500°C, pomwe kutentha kwa zinc kumakhala 906°C yokha. Chifukwa chake, mukagwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizirana, nthunzi yambiri ya zinc nthawi zambiri imapangidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti njira yolumikizirana ikhale yosakhazikika. , ndikupanga ma pores mu weld. Pa malo olumikizirana, kusinthasintha kwa gawo la galvanized sikuti kumachitika pamwamba ndi pansi kokha, komanso kumachitika pamwamba pa malo olumikizirana. Panthawi yolumikizirana, nthunzi ya zinc imatuluka mwachangu pamwamba pa dziwe losungunuka m'malo ena, pomwe m'malo ena zimakhala zovuta kuti nthunzi ya zinc ituluke mu dziwe losungunuka. Pamwamba pa dziwe, mtundu wa kulumikizana ndi wosakhazikika kwambiri.
Kuwotcherera kwa laser yokhala ndi mipiringidzo iwiri kumatha kuthetsa mavuto a mtundu wa kuwotcherera omwe amayambitsidwa ndi nthunzi ya zinc. Njira imodzi ndikuwongolera nthawi yomwe ilipo komanso kuchuluka kwa kuzizira kwa dziwe losungunuka mwa kufananiza mphamvu ya mipiringidzo iwiriyo kuti nthunzi ya zinc ituluke; njira ina ndi Kutulutsa nthunzi ya zinc mwa kubowola kapena kukumba. Monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 6-31, laser ya CO2 imagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera. Laser ya YAG ili patsogolo pa laser ya CO2 ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuboola mabowo kapena kudula mipiringidzo. Mabowo kapena mipiringidzo yomwe yakonzedwa kale imapereka njira yothawirako ya nthunzi ya zinc yomwe imapangidwa panthawi yowotcherera pambuyo pake, zomwe zimalepheretsa kuti isakhale mu dziwe losungunuka ndikupanga zolakwika.
3.2 Kuwotcherera kwa aluminiyamu pogwiritsa ntchito laser ya double-beam laser
Chifukwa cha magwiridwe antchito apadera a zinthu zopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu, pali zovuta zotsatirazi pakugwiritsa ntchito kuwotcherera kwa laser [39]: aluminiyamu imakhala ndi mphamvu yotsika yoyamwa ya laser, ndipo kuwunikira koyambirira kwa CO2 laser beam pamwamba kumaposa 90%; mipata yowotcherera ya aluminiyamu laser ndi yosavuta kupanga Porosity, ming'alu; kuyaka kwa zinthu zopangidwa ndi alloy panthawi yowotcherera, ndi zina zotero. Pogwiritsa ntchito kuwotcherera kwa single laser, zimakhala zovuta kukhazikitsa keyboo ndikusunga bata. Kuwotcherera kwa double-beam laser kumatha kuwonjezera kukula kwa keyboo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti keyboo ikhale yovuta kutseka, zomwe zimathandiza kutulutsa mpweya. Kungachepetsenso liwiro lozizira ndikuchepetsa kupezeka kwa pores ndi ming'alu yowotcherera. Popeza njira yowotcherera ndi yokhazikika kwambiri ndipo kuchuluka kwa madontho kumachepa, mawonekedwe a weld omwe amapezeka powotcherera double-beam ya alloy alloy nawonso ndi abwino kwambiri kuposa a single-beam welding. Chithunzi 6-32 chikuwonetsa mawonekedwe a weld seam ya 3mm thick aluminium alloy butt welding pogwiritsa ntchito CO2 single-beam laser ndi double-beam laser welding.
Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti polumikiza aluminiyamu ya 2mm yokhuthala ya 5000 series, pamene mtunda pakati pa matabwa awiriwo ndi 0.6 ~ 1.0mm, njira yolumikizira imakhala yokhazikika ndipo kutsegula kwa keybowo komwe kumapangidwa kumakhala kwakukulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magnesium ituluke komanso kutuluka panthawi yolumikizira. Ngati mtunda pakati pa matabwa awiriwo ndi wochepa kwambiri, njira yolumikizira ya chitsulo chimodzi sidzakhala yokhazikika. Ngati mtunda uli waukulu kwambiri, kulowa kwa chitsulo kudzakhudzidwa, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 6-33. Kuphatikiza apo, chiŵerengero cha mphamvu cha matabwa awiriwa chimakhudzanso kwambiri khalidwe la chitsulo. Pamene matabwa awiriwa okhala ndi mtunda wa 0.9mm akonzedwa motsatizana kuti alumikizane, mphamvu ya chitsulo cham'mbuyomu iyenera kuwonjezeredwa moyenera kuti chiŵerengero cha mphamvu cha chitsulo ...
3.3 Kuwotcherera kwa mipiringidzo iwiri ya makulidwe osafanana
Mu mafakitale, nthawi zambiri pamafunika kulumikiza mbale ziwiri kapena zingapo zachitsulo zokhala ndi makulidwe ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana kuti apange mbale yolumikizidwa. Makamaka popanga magalimoto, kugwiritsa ntchito malo olumikizirana opangidwa ndi akatswiri kukufalikira kwambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito mbale zolumikizirana zokhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, zokutira pamwamba kapena zinthu zina, mphamvu zimatha kuwonjezeka, zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito zimachepa, komanso khalidwe limachepa. Kulumikiza mbale zokhala ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana pogwiritsa ntchito laser nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikiza mapanelo. Vuto lalikulu ndilakuti mbale zomwe ziyenera kulumikizidwa ziyenera kukonzedwa kale ndi m'mbali zolondola kwambiri ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pakhale kusonkhana kolondola kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito kulumikiza mbale ziwiri zokhala ndi makulidwe osafanana kumatha kusintha kusintha kwa mipata ya mbale, malo olumikizirana, makulidwe ofanana ndi zipangizo za mbale. Kungathe kulumikiza mbale zokhala ndi malire akulu ndi kulekerera mipata ndikukweza liwiro la kulumikiza ndi mtundu wa kulumikiza.
Magawo akuluakulu a njira yolumikizirana ya Shuangguangdong ya mbale zokhuthala zosafanana akhoza kugawidwa m'magawo a welding ndi ma plate, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzichi. Magawo a welding akuphatikizapo mphamvu ya ma laser beam awiri, liwiro la welding, malo olunjika, ngodya ya mutu wa welding, ngodya yozungulira ya beam ya cholumikizira cha double-beam butt ndi welding offset, ndi zina zotero. Magawo a bolodi akuphatikizapo kukula kwa zinthu, magwiridwe antchito, mikhalidwe yodulira, mipata ya bolodi, ndi zina zotero. Mphamvu ya ma laser beam awiriwa imatha kusinthidwa padera malinga ndi zolinga zosiyanasiyana zolumikizirana. Malo olunjika nthawi zambiri amakhala pamwamba pa mbale yopyapyala kuti akwaniritse njira yolumikizira yokhazikika komanso yothandiza. Ngodya ya mutu wa welding nthawi zambiri imasankhidwa kuti ikhale pafupifupi 6. Ngati makulidwe a mbale ziwirizi ndi akulu, ngodya yabwino ya mutu wa welding ingagwiritsidwe ntchito, ndiko kuti, laser imapendekeka kupita ku mbale yopyapyala, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzichi; pamene makulidwe a mbale ndi ochepa, ngodya yolakwika ya mutu wa welding ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Welding offset imafotokozedwa ngati mtunda pakati pa laser focus ndi m'mphepete mwa mbale yopyapyala. Posintha welding offset, kuchuluka kwa weld dent kungachepe ndipo weld cross-section yabwino ingapezeke.
Mukalumikiza mbale zokhala ndi mipata ikuluikulu, mutha kuwonjezera kukula kwa kutentha kwa chitsulo pogwiritsa ntchito ngodya ziwiri kuti mupeze mphamvu zabwino zodzaza mipata. M'lifupi mwa pamwamba pa chitsulocho mumadziwika ndi kukula kwa chitsulo cha ... Mtanda woyamba wa laser kutsogolo umangosungunula pang'ono mbale yokhuthala, koma umathandizira kwambiri pa ntchito yowotcherera, chifukwa sikuti umangosungunula mbali ya mbale yokhuthala kuti mipata ikwane bwino, komanso umalumikiza zinthu zolumikizira kuti mipata yotsatirayi ikhale yosavuta kuwotcherera kudzera m'malumikizidwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuwotcherera kukhale kofulumira. Mu kuwotcherera kwa double-beam ndi negative rotation angle (mtanda wakutsogolo umagwira ntchito pa weld, ndipo mtanda wakumbuyo umagwira ntchito pa mbale yokhuthala), mitanda iwiriyi imakhala ndi zotsatira zosiyana. Mtanda woyamba umasungunula cholumikiziracho, ndipo mtanda womaliza umasungunula mbale yokhuthala kuti uidzaze. Pankhaniyi, mtanda wakutsogolo umafunika kuwotcherera kudzera mu mbale yozizira, ndipo liwiro la kuwotcherera ndi locheperako kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito positive beam rotation angle. Ndipo chifukwa cha kutentha kwa mtanda wakale, mtanda wotsirizawu udzasungunula zinthu zokhuthala kwambiri pansi pa mphamvu yomweyo. Pankhaniyi, mphamvu ya mtanda wotsiriza wa laser iyenera kuchepetsedwa moyenera. Poyerekeza, kugwiritsa ntchito positive beam rotation angle kungapangitse kuti liwiro la kuwotcherera likhale loyenera, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito negative beam rotation angle kungapangitse kuti mipata ikhale yabwino. Chithunzi 6-36 chikuwonetsa momwe ma angles osiyanasiyana ozungulira a beam amakhudzira gawo lopingasa la weld.
3.4 Kuwotcherera kwa laser kwa mbale zazikulu zokhuthala kawiri Ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu ya laser ndi ubwino wa kuwala, kuwotcherera kwa laser kwa mbale zazikulu zokhuthala kwakhala koona. Komabe, chifukwa ma laser amphamvu kwambiri ndi okwera mtengo ndipo kuwotcherera kwa mbale zazikulu zokhuthala nthawi zambiri kumafuna chitsulo chodzaza, pali zoletsa zina pakupanga kwenikweni. Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wowotcherera wa laser wa dual-beam sikungowonjezera mphamvu ya laser, komanso kumawonjezera kukula kwa kutentha kwa mtanda, kumawonjezera kuthekera kosungunula waya wodzaza, kukhazikika kwa chitseko cha laser, kumawonjezera kukhazikika kwa kuwotcherera, ndikuwonjezera khalidwe la kuwotcherera.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-29-2024
