01 Kuwotcherera kwa hybrid laser-arc hybrid plate yokhuthala
Kuwotcherera kwa mbale yokhuthala (kukhuthala kwa ≥ 20mm) kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popanga zida zazikulu m'magawo ofunikira monga ndege, kuyenda ndi kupanga zombo, mayendedwe a sitima, ndi zina zotero. Zigawozi nthawi zambiri zimadziwika ndi makulidwe akulu, mawonekedwe ovuta olumikizirana, ndi malo ovuta ogwirira ntchito. Ubwino wa kuwotcherera umakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito ndi moyo wa zidazo. Chifukwa cha liwiro lochepa lowotcherera komanso mavuto akulu omwazika, njira yachikhalidwe yowotcherera yotetezedwa ndi mpweya imakumana ndi zovuta monga kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri kuwotcherera, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, komanso kupsinjika kwakukulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kukwaniritsa zofunikira zopangira zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira. Komabe, ukadaulo wowotcherera wa laser-arc hybrid ndi wosiyana ndi ukadaulo wachikhalidwe wowotcherera. Umaphatikiza bwino zabwino zakuwotcherera ndi laserndi kulumikiza kwa arc, ndipo ili ndi mawonekedwe a kuzama kwakukulu kolowera, liwiro lolumikiza mwachangu, magwiridwe antchito apamwamba komanso mtundu wabwino wa kulumikiza, monga momwe zasonyezedwera mu Chithunzi 1 Onetsani. Chifukwa chake, ukadaulo uwu wakoka chidwi cha anthu ambiri ndipo wayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ena ofunikira.
Chithunzi 1 Mfundo yaikulu ya kuwotcherera kwa laser-arc hybrid
02Kafukufuku pa kuwotcherera kwa mbale zokhuthala pogwiritsa ntchito laser-arc hybrid
Bungwe la Norwegian Institute of Industrial Technology ndi Lule University of Technology ku Sweden adaphunzira za kufanana kwa ma composite welded joints pansi pa 15kW kuti apeze chitsulo champhamvu champhamvu cha 45mm chokhuthala. Osaka University ndi Central Metallurgical Research Institute ku Egypt adagwiritsa ntchito 20kW fiber laser kuti afufuze njira yolumikizira ma single-pass laser-arc hybrid plates (25mm), pogwiritsa ntchito bottom liner kuti athetse vuto la bottom hump. Danish Force Technology Company idagwiritsa ntchito ma disk laser awiri a 16 kW motsatizana kuti afufuze pa hybrid welding ya ma plates achitsulo champhamvu cha 40mm pa 32 kW, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti high-power laser-arc welding ikuyembekezeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa offshore wind power tower base welding, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 2. Harbin Welding Co., Ltd. ndi yoyamba mdziko muno kudziwa bwino ukadaulo wapakati komanso ukadaulo wophatikiza zida za high-power solid laser-melting electrode arc hybrid heat source welding. Ndi nthawi yoyamba kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ukadaulo wamagetsi wothira mawaya awiri osungunuka a laser komanso zida zoyeretsera ku zida zapamwamba kwambiri mdziko langa.
Chithunzi 2. Chithunzi cha kapangidwe ka laser
Malinga ndi momwe kafukufuku wamakono wa laser-arc hybrid welding ya mbale zokhuthala kunyumba ndi kunja, zitha kuwoneka kuti kuphatikiza njira yolumikizira laser-arc hybrid welding ndi groove yopapatiza kungapangitse kuti mbale zokhuthala zigwirizane. Pamene mphamvu ya laser ikukwera kufika pa ma watts opitilira 10,000, pansi pa kuwala kwa laser yamphamvu kwambiri, khalidwe la nthunzi la zinthuzo, njira yolumikizirana pakati pa laser ndi plasma, mkhalidwe wokhazikika wa kuyenda kwa dziwe losungunuka, njira yosamutsira kutentha, ndi khalidwe la zitsulo la weld Kusintha kudzachitika mosiyanasiyana. Pamene mphamvu ikukwera kufika pa ma watts opitilira 10,000, kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kudzakulitsa kuchuluka kwa nthunzi m'dera lomwe lili pafupi ndi dzenje laling'ono, ndipo mphamvu yobwerera m'mbuyo idzakhudza mwachindunji kukhazikika kwa dzenje laling'ono ndi kuyenda kwa dziwe losungunuka, motero kukhudza njira yolumikizira. Kusinthaku kuli ndi zotsatira zosafunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito laser ndi njira zake zolumikizirana. Zochitika izi zomwe zimachitika mu njira yolumikizira zimasonyeza mwachindunji kapena mwanjira ina kukhazikika kwa njira yolumikizira mpaka pamlingo wina, ndipo zimatha kudziwa mtundu wa weld. Kulumikizana kwa magwero awiri otentha a laser ndi arc kungapangitse magwero awiri otentha kupereka mawonekedwe awoawo ndikupeza zotsatira zabwino kwambiri pakuwotcherera kuposa kuwotcherera kwa laser imodzi ndi kuwotcherera kwa arc. Poyerekeza ndi njira yowotcherera ya laser yokha, njira yowotcherera iyi ili ndi ubwino wokhala ndi mipata yolimba komanso makulidwe akuluakulu otha kuwotcherera. Poyerekeza ndi njira yowotcherera waya ya laser yopapatiza ya mbale zokhuthala, ili ndi ubwino wokhala ndi mphamvu yosungunuka ya waya komanso zotsatira zabwino zosakanikirana kwa groove. Kuphatikiza apo, kukoka kwa laser ku arc kumawonjezera kukhazikika kwa arc, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuwotcherera kwa laser-arc hybrid kukhale kofulumira kuposa kuwotcherera kwa arc wamba komansokuwotcherera waya wodzaza ndi laser, yokhala ndi luso lowongolera kwambiri.
03 Kugwiritsa ntchito kowotcherera kosakanikirana kwa laser-arc hybrid kwamphamvu kwambiri
Ukadaulo wowotcherera wa laser-arc hybrid wamphamvu kwambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakampani opanga zombo. Meyer Shipyard ku Germany yakhazikitsa mzere wopanga wowotcherera wa 12kW CO2 laser-arc hybrid wa mbale zowotcherera ndi zomatira kuti apange ma weld a fillet aatali 20m nthawi imodzi ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kusintha ndi 2/3. GE yapanga njira yowotcherera ya fiber laser-arc hybrid yokhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu yotulutsa ya 20kW kuti iwotchere ndege yonyamula ndege ya USS Saratoga, kupulumutsa matani 800 a zitsulo zowotcherera ndikuchepetsa maola a anthu ndi 80%, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 3. CSSC 725 imagwiritsa ntchito njira yowotcherera ya laser-arc hybrid ya 20kW fiber laser, yomwe ingachepetse kusintha kwa welding ndi 60% ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yowotcherera ndi 300%. Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipyard imagwiritsa ntchito njira yowotcherera ya laser-arc hybrid ya 16kW fiber laser. Mzere wopanga umagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo watsopano wa laser hybrid welding + MAG welding kuti ukwaniritse single-side single-pass welding ndi kupanga ma double-side steel plates a 4-25mm makulidwe. Ukadaulo wa laser-arc hybrid welding wamphamvu kwambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magalimoto okhala ndi zida. Makhalidwe ake a welding ndi awa: welding ya makoma achitsulo cholimba kwambiri, mtengo wotsika, komanso kupanga zinthu zogwira mtima kwambiri.
Chithunzi 3. Chonyamulira ndege cha USS Sara Toga
Ukadaulo wowotcherera wa laser-arc hybrid wamphamvu kwambiri wakhala ukugwiritsidwa ntchito poyamba m'magawo ena a mafakitale ndipo udzakhala njira yofunika kwambiri yopangira bwino nyumba zazikulu zokhala ndi makulidwe apakati ndi akulu. Pakadali pano, palibe kafukufuku wokhudza momwe wowotcherera wa laser-arc hybrid wamphamvu kwambiri umagwirira ntchito, womwe uyenera kukulitsidwa kwambiri, monga momwe photoplasma ndi arc zimagwirira ntchito komanso momwe arc ndi dziwe losungunuka limagwirira ntchito. Palinso mavuto ambiri osathetsedwa mu njira yowotcherera ya laser-arc hybrid wamphamvu kwambiri, monga zenera lopapatiza, mawonekedwe osafanana a makina a kapangidwe ka weld, komanso kuwongolera kwabwino kwa weld. Pamene mphamvu yotulutsa ya ma laser apamwamba ikukwera pang'onopang'ono, ukadaulo wowotcherera wa laser-arc hybrid wamphamvu kwambiri udzakula mwachangu, ndipo ukadaulo watsopano wowotcherera wa laser hybrid udzapitirira kuonekera. Kukhazikika kwa malo, kukula kwakukulu komanso nzeru zidzakhala njira zofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa zida zowotcherera za laser wamphamvu kwambiri mtsogolo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-24-2024
