M'zaka zaposachedwapa, chifukwa cha kukula kwachangu kwa makampani atsopano opanga mphamvu, kuwotcherera kwa laser kwalowa mwachangu m'makampani onse atsopano opanga mphamvu chifukwa cha ubwino wake wachangu komanso wokhazikika. Pakati pawo, zida zowotcherera za laser ndizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani onse atsopano opanga mphamvu.
Kuwotcherera kwa laserMwamsanga yakhala chisankho choyamba m'mbali zonse za moyo chifukwa cha liwiro lake lachangu, kuya kwakukulu, komanso kusintha pang'ono. Kuyambira pa ma spot welds mpaka ma butt welds, ma build-up ndi ma seal welds,kuwotcherera ndi laserimapereka kulondola ndi kuwongolera kosayerekezeka. Imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popanga mafakitale ndi kupanga, kuphatikizapo mafakitale ankhondo, chisamaliro chamankhwala, ndege, zida zamagalimoto za 3C, zitsulo zamakanika, mphamvu zatsopano ndi mafakitale ena.
Poyerekeza ndi ukadaulo wina wowotcherera, kuwotcherera kwa laser kuli ndi ubwino ndi zovuta zake zapadera.
Ubwino:
1. Liwiro lofulumira, kuya kwakukulu ndi kusintha pang'ono.
2. Kuwotcherera kumatha kuchitika pa kutentha kwabwinobwino kapena pansi pa mikhalidwe yapadera, ndipo zida zowotcherera zimakhala zosavuta. Mwachitsanzo, kuwala kwa laser sikuyendayenda m'munda wamagetsi. Ma laser amatha kuwotcherera mu vacuum, mpweya kapena malo ena a gasi, ndipo amatha kuwotcherera zinthu zomwe zimadutsa mugalasi kapena zowonekera bwino ku kuwala kwa laser.
3. Imatha kulumikiza zinthu zosagwira ntchito monga titaniyamu ndi quartz, komanso imatha kulumikiza zinthu zosiyana ndi zotsatira zabwino.
4. Pambuyo poti laser yayang'ana kwambiri, mphamvu imakhala yokwera. Chiŵerengero cha mbali chikhoza kufika pa 5:1, ndipo chingafike pa 10:1 polumikiza zipangizo zamagetsi amphamvu kwambiri.
5. Kuwotcherera pang'ono kumatha kuchitika. Pambuyo poti kuwala kwa laser kwayang'aniridwa, malo ang'onoang'ono amatha kupezeka ndipo amatha kuyikidwa bwino. Kungagwiritsidwe ntchito posonkhanitsa ndi kuwotcherera zinthu zazing'ono ndi zazing'ono kuti pakhale kupanga zinthu zambiri zokha.
6. Imatha kulumikiza madera ovuta kufikako ndikugwiritsa ntchito kuwotcherera mtunda wautali popanda kukhudzana ndi chinthu china chilichonse, komanso kusinthasintha kwakukulu. Makamaka m'zaka zaposachedwa, ukadaulo wokonza laser wa YAG wagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wotumiza ulusi wa kuwala, zomwe zathandiza kuti ukadaulo wowotcherera laser ulimbikitsidwe kwambiri komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
7. Mtanda wa laser ndi wosavuta kuugawa nthawi ndi malo, ndipo matabwa angapo amatha kukonzedwa m'malo osiyanasiyana nthawi imodzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuwotcherera.
Chilema:
1. Kulondola kwa kusonkhana kwa workpiece kumafunika kuti kukhale kokwera, ndipo malo a matabwa pa workpiece sangasinthe kwambiri. Izi zili choncho chifukwa kukula kwa malo a laser pambuyo poyang'ana ndi kochepa ndipo msoko wa weld ndi wopapatiza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuwonjezera zinthu zachitsulo zodzaza. Ngati kulondola kwa kusonkhana kwa workpiece kapena kulondola kwa malo a matabwa sikukwaniritsa zofunikira, zolakwika zowotcherera zimatha kuchitika.
2. Mtengo wa ma laser ndi machitidwe ena ndi wokwera, ndipo ndalama zomwe zimaperekedwa kamodzi kokha ndi zazikulu.
Zolakwika zodziwika bwino zowotcherera ndi laserpopanga mabatire a lithiamu
1. Kuwotcherera porosity
Zolakwika zomwe zimapezeka kawirikawirikuwotcherera ndi laserndi ma pores. Dziwe losungunuka losungunula ndi lakuya komanso lopapatiza. Panthawi yosungunula ndi laser, nayitrogeni imalowa mu dziwe losungunuka kuchokera kunja. Panthawi yozizira ndi kuuma kwa chitsulo, kusungunuka kwa nayitrogeni kumachepa ndi kuchepa kwa kutentha. Chitsulo chosungunuka chikazizira kuti chiyambe kupanga ma crystallize, kusungunuka kudzatsika kwambiri komanso mwadzidzidzi. Panthawiyi, mpweya wambiri udzagwa kuti upange thovu. Ngati liwiro loyandama la thovu ndi lochepera kuposa liwiro la ma crystallize achitsulo, ma pores adzapangidwa.
Mu ntchito zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mumakampani opanga mabatire a lithiamu, nthawi zambiri timapeza kuti ma pores amapezeka makamaka panthawi yolumikiza ma electrode abwino, koma nthawi zambiri samachitika panthawi yolumikiza ma electrode oipa. Izi zili choncho chifukwa ma electrode abwino amapangidwa ndi aluminiyamu ndipo ma electrode oipa amapangidwa ndi mkuwa. Panthawi yolumikiza, aluminiyamu yamadzimadzi pamwamba imafupika mpweya wamkati usanasefukire, zomwe zimaletsa mpweya kuti usasefukire ndikupanga mabowo akuluakulu ndi ang'onoang'ono. Stomata yaying'ono.
Kuwonjezera pa zomwe zimayambitsa ma pores omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa, ma pores amaphatikizaponso mpweya wakunja, chinyezi, mafuta pamwamba, ndi zina zotero. Kuphatikiza apo, komwe nitrogen imalowera komanso ngodya yake zimakhudzanso kapangidwe ka ma pores.
Nanga bwanji kuchepetsa kupezeka kwa ma pores olumikizirana?
Choyamba, isanafikekuwotcherera, madontho a mafuta ndi zinyalala zomwe zili pamwamba pa zinthu zomwe zikubwera ziyenera kutsukidwa nthawi yake; popanga mabatire a lithiamu, kuyang'anira zinthu zomwe zikubwera ndi njira yofunika kwambiri.
Chachiwiri, kayendedwe ka mpweya woteteza mpweya kuyenera kusinthidwa malinga ndi zinthu monga liwiro lolowetsa, mphamvu, malo, ndi zina zotero, ndipo sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kwambiri kapena kochepa kwambiri. Kuthamanga kwa chovala choteteza kuyenera kusinthidwa malinga ndi zinthu monga mphamvu ya laser ndi malo owunikira, ndipo sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kwambiri kapena kotsika kwambiri. Mawonekedwe a nozzle ya chovala choteteza kuyenera kusinthidwa malinga ndi mawonekedwe, komwe chikupita ndi zinthu zina za weld kuti chovala choteteza chizitha kuphimba malo olowetsa mpweya mofanana.
Chachitatu, lamulirani kutentha, chinyezi ndi fumbi mumlengalenga mu workshop. Kutentha ndi chinyezi mumlengalenga zidzakhudza chinyezi pamwamba pa substrate ndi mpweya woteteza, zomwe zidzakhudza kupanga ndi kutuluka kwa nthunzi ya madzi mu dziwe losungunuka. Ngati kutentha ndi chinyezi mumlengalenga zili zambiri, padzakhala chinyezi chochuluka pamwamba pa substrate ndi mpweya woteteza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthunzi ya madzi ikhale yambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ma pores. Ngati kutentha ndi chinyezi mumlengalenga zili zochepa, padzakhala chinyezi chochepa pamwamba pa substrate ndi mu mpweya woteteza, zomwe zimachepetsa kupanga nthunzi ya madzi, motero zimachepetsa ma pores; lolani ogwira ntchito abwino adziwe kuchuluka kwa kutentha, chinyezi ndi fumbi pamalo olumikizirana.
Chachinayi, njira yosinthira ma beam imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kapena kuchotsa ma pores mu laser deep penetration welding. Chifukwa cha kuwonjezera swing panthawi yosinthira, kusinthasintha kwa beam ku weld seam kumapangitsa kuti gawo la weld seam lisungunuke mobwerezabwereza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthawi ya chitsulo chamadzimadzi chikhalepo mu dziwe losinthira. Nthawi yomweyo, kupotoka kwa beam kumawonjezeranso kutentha komwe kumalowetsa pa unit area. Chiŵerengero cha kuya ndi m'lifupi cha weld chimachepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thovu lituluke, motero kuchotsa ma pores. Kumbali inayi, kusinthasintha kwa beam kumapangitsa kuti dzenje laling'ono lisunthe moyenerera, zomwe zingaperekenso mphamvu yosuntha ya dziwe losinthira, kuonjezera convection ndi kusuntha kwa dziwe losinthira, komanso kukhala ndi phindu pochotsa ma pores.
Chachisanu, pafupipafupi ya kugunda kwa mtima, pafupipafupi ya kugunda kwa mtima imatanthauza kuchuluka kwa ma pulses omwe amatulutsa kuwala kwa laser pa nthawi iliyonse, zomwe zidzakhudza momwe kutentha kumalowera ndi kuchuluka kwa kutentha mu dziwe losungunuka, kenako zimakhudza malo otentha ndi malo oyenda mu dziwe losungunuka. Ngati pafupipafupi ya kugunda kwa mtima ndi yokwera kwambiri, zidzapangitsa kuti kutentha kwambiri kulowetse mu dziwe losungunuka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kwa dziwe losungunuka kukhale kokwera kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthunzi yachitsulo kapena zinthu zina zomwe zimasinthasintha kutentha kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ma pores. Ngati pafupipafupi ya kugunda kwa mtima ndi yotsika kwambiri, zidzapangitsa kuti kutentha kusakwane mu dziwe losungunuka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kwa dziwe losungunuka kukhale kotsika kwambiri, kuchepetsa kusungunuka ndi kutuluka kwa mpweya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ma pores. Kawirikawiri, pafupipafupi ya kugunda kwa mtima iyenera kusankhidwa mkati mwa malire oyenera kutengera makulidwe a substrate ndi mphamvu ya laser, ndipo pewani kukhala okwera kwambiri kapena otsika kwambiri.
Mabowo odulira (kudulira kwa laser)
2. Kutulutsa madzi oundana
Kuthira madzi komwe kumachitika panthawi yothira madzi, kuthira madzi pogwiritsa ntchito laser kudzakhudza kwambiri ubwino wa pamwamba pa chothira madzi, ndipo kudzaipitsa ndi kuwononga lenzi. Magwiridwe antchito onse ndi awa: pambuyo poti chothira madzi pogwiritsa ntchito laser, tinthu tambiri tachitsulo timaonekera pamwamba pa chinthucho kapena chogwirira ntchito ndipo timamatira pamwamba pa chinthucho. Magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri ndi akuti pothira madzi pogwiritsa ntchito galvanometer, pambuyo pa nthawi yogwiritsa ntchito lenzi yoteteza ya galvanometer, padzakhala mabowo okhuthala pamwamba, ndipo mabowo amenewa amayamba chifukwa cha kuthira madzi pogwiritsa ntchito welding. Pambuyo pa nthawi yayitali, zimakhala zosavuta kutseka kuwala, ndipo padzakhala mavuto ndi kuwala kothira madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mavuto ambiri monga kuthyola madzi ndi kuthyola madzi pogwiritsa ntchito virtual welding.
Kodi zifukwa za kupopera madzi ndi ziti?
Choyamba, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kumakhala kosavuta kupanga ma spatter, ndipo ma spatter amagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu. Ili ndi vuto la zaka zana. Osachepera mpaka pano, makampaniwa sanathe kuthetsa vuto la ma spatter, ndipo anganene kuti lachepetsedwa pang'ono. Mumakampani opanga mabatire a lithiamu, ma spatter ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha ma short circuit a batri, koma sanathe kuthetsa chifukwa chake. Kukhudzidwa kwa ma spatter pa batri kungachepe kokha poganizira chitetezo. Mwachitsanzo, bwalo la ma doko ochotsera fumbi ndi zophimba zoteteza zimawonjezedwa mozungulira gawo lowotcherera, ndipo mizere ya mipeni ya mpweya imawonjezedwa mozungulira kuti ipewe kukhudzidwa kwa ma spatter kapena kuwonongeka kwa batri. Kuwononga chilengedwe, zinthu ndi zida zozungulira siteshoni yowotcherera zitha kunenedwa kuti zatha mphamvu.
Ponena za kuthetsa vuto la kupopera, tinganene kuti kuchepetsa mphamvu yowotcherera kumathandiza kuchepetsa kupopera. Kuchepetsa liwiro la kuwotcherera kungathandizenso ngati kulowa sikokwanira. Koma pazifukwa zina zapadera, sikuthandiza kwenikweni. Ndi njira yomweyo, makina osiyanasiyana ndi magulu osiyanasiyana a zipangizo zimakhala ndi zotsatira zosiyana kwambiri za kuwotcherera. Chifukwa chake, pali lamulo losalembedwa mumakampani atsopano amagetsi, gulu limodzi la magawo owotcherera a chipangizo chimodzi.
Chachiwiri, ngati pamwamba pa zinthu zokonzedwa kapena ntchito sizinatsukidwe, madontho a mafuta kapena zinthu zoipitsa zidzayambitsanso kutayikira kwakukulu. Pakadali pano, chinthu chosavuta ndikutsuka pamwamba pa zinthu zokonzedwa.
3. Kuwunikira kwakukulu kwa laser welding
Kawirikawiri, kuwunikira kwakukulu kumatanthauza kuti zinthu zopangira zinthu zimakhala ndi mphamvu yochepa yolimbana ndi kuwala, malo osalala, komanso mphamvu yochepa yoyamwa ya ma laser apafupi ndi infrared, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti laser itulutsidwe kwambiri, ndipo chifukwa ma laser ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito molunjika. Chifukwa cha zinthuzo kapena kupendekera pang'ono, kuwala kwa laser komwe kumabwerera kumalowanso mumutu wotulutsa, ndipo ngakhale gawo la kuwala komwe kumabwerera kumalumikizidwa mu ulusi wotumiza mphamvu, ndipo kumatumizidwanso kudzera mu ulusiwo kupita mkati mwa laser, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zigawo zazikulu mkati mwa laser zipitirire kukhala pa kutentha kwakukulu.
Ngati kuwala kwa kuwala kuli kwakukulu kwambiri panthawi yowotcherera laser, njira zotsatirazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito:
3.1 Gwiritsani ntchito chophimba choletsa kuwunikira kapena gwiritsani ntchito chophimba choletsa kuwunikira pamwamba pa chinthucho: kupaka pamwamba pa chinthu chowotcherera ndi chophimba choletsa kuwunikira kungathandize kuchepetsa kuwunikira kwa laser. Chophimba ichi nthawi zambiri chimakhala chinthu chapadera chowunikira chomwe chimakhala ndi kuwunikira kochepa komwe kumatenga mphamvu ya laser m'malo mochiwunikiranso. Mu njira zina, monga kuwotcherera kwa current collector, kulumikizana kofewa, ndi zina zotero, pamwamba pake pakhozanso kupakidwa utoto.
3.2 Sinthani ngodya yolumikizira: Mwa kusintha ngodya yolumikizira, kuwala kwa laser kumatha kuchitika pa zinthu zolumikizira pa ngodya yoyenera ndikuchepetsa kuwunikira. Nthawi zambiri, kukhala ndi kuwala kwa laser pamalo olunjika pamwamba pa zinthu zomwe zikulumikizidwa ndi njira yabwino yochepetsera kuwunikira.
3.3 Kuwonjezera choyamwitsa chothandizira: Panthawi yowotcherera, kuchuluka kwa choyamwitsa chothandizira, monga ufa kapena madzi, kumawonjezeredwa ku choyamwitsa. Zoyamwitsa izi zimayamwa mphamvu ya laser ndikuchepetsa kuwunikira. Choyamwitsa choyenera chiyenera kusankhidwa kutengera zida zowotcherera ndi zochitika zogwiritsidwa ntchito. Mumakampani opanga mabatire a lithiamu, izi sizingatheke.
3.4 Gwiritsani ntchito ulusi wowala potumiza laser: Ngati n'kotheka, ulusi wowala ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kutumiza laser pamalo olumikizira kuti muchepetse kuwunikira. Ulusi wowala ukhoza kutsogolera kuwala kwa laser kumalo olumikizira kuti mupewe kuwonekera mwachindunji pamwamba pa zinthu zolumikizira ndikuchepetsa kuwunikira.
3.5 Kusintha magawo a laser: Mwa kusintha magawo monga mphamvu ya laser, kutalika kwa focal, ndi kukula kwa focal, kugawa kwa mphamvu ya laser kumatha kulamulidwa ndipo kuwunikira kumatha kuchepetsedwa. Pazinthu zina zowunikira, kuchepetsa mphamvu ya laser kungakhale njira yothandiza yochepetsera kuwunikira.
3.6 Gwiritsani ntchito chogawaniza ma beam: Chogawaniza ma beam chingatsogolere gawo la mphamvu ya laser kulowa mu chipangizo choyamwa, motero kuchepetsa kuonekera kwa kuwunikira. Zipangizo zogawaniza ma beam nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zigawo zowunikira ndi zoyamwitsa, ndipo posankha zigawo zoyenera ndikusintha kapangidwe ka chipangizocho, kuwunikira kochepa kumatha kuchitika.
4. Kuwotcherera pansi pa chotchingira
Mu njira yopangira mabatire a lithiamu, ndi njira ziti zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepetsedwa kwa mphamvu yamagetsi? Nchifukwa chiyani kuchepetsedwa kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kumachitika? Tiyeni tiwunikenso.
Kudula pang'ono, nthawi zambiri zipangizo zolumikizirana sizigwirizana bwino, mpata ndi waukulu kwambiri kapena mpata umawonekera, kuya ndi m'lifupi zimakhala zazikulu kuposa 0.5mm, kutalika konse kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa 10% ya kutalika kwa weld, kapena kuposa momwe zinthuzo zimagwirira ntchito, zomwe zimayimira kutalika komwe kwapemphedwa.
Mu njira yonse yopangira mabatire a lithiamu, kudula pansi pa nthaka kumakhala kovuta, ndipo nthawi zambiri kumagawidwa mu kusungunula ndi kuwotcherera kwa mbale yophimba ya cylindrical komanso kusungunula ndi kuwotcherera kwa mbale yophimba chipolopolo cha aluminiyamu. Chifukwa chachikulu ndichakuti mbale yophimba iyenera kugwirizana ndi chipolopolocho ndi Kuwunjika, njira yofananira pakati pa mbale yophimba ndi chipolopolocho imakhala ndi mipata yambiri yowunjika, mizere, kugwa, ndi zina zotero, kotero imakhala ndi mipata yambiri yowunjika.
Ndiye n’chiyani chimayambitsa kuchepetsedwa kwa mtunda?
Ngati liwiro la kuwotcherera ndi lachangu kwambiri, chitsulo chamadzimadzi chomwe chili kumbuyo kwa dzenje laling'ono lomwe likuloza pakati pa chowotcherera sichidzakhala ndi nthawi yogawanso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kulimba ndi kuchepetsedwa mbali zonse ziwiri za chowotcherera chikhale cholimba. Poganizira zomwe zili pamwambapa, tifunika kukonza magawo a chowotcherera. Mwachidule, ndi kuyesa mobwerezabwereza kuti titsimikizire magawo osiyanasiyana, ndikupitiliza kuchita DOE mpaka magawo oyenera atapezeka.
2. Mipata yambiri yolumikizira, mipata, kugwa, ndi zina zotero za zinthu zolumikizira zidzachepetsa kuchuluka kwa chitsulo chosungunuka chomwe chidzadzaza mipatayo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kudula kukhale kosavuta kuchitika. Ili ndi funso la zida ndi zinthu zopangira. Ngati zinthu zopangira zolumikizira zikukwaniritsa zofunikira za zinthu zomwe zikubwera pa ndondomeko yathu, ngati kulondola kwa zidazo kukukwaniritsa zofunikira, ndi zina zotero. Kawirikawiri chizolowezi ndi kuzunza ndi kumenya nthawi zonse ogulitsa ndi anthu omwe akuyang'anira zidazo.
3. Ngati mphamvu yatsika mofulumira kwambiri kumapeto kwa laser welding, dzenje laling'ono likhoza kugwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pansi pa nthaka pakhale pansi. Kufananiza bwino mphamvu ndi liwiro kungalepheretse mapangidwe a pansi pa nthaka. Monga mwambi wakale umanenera, bwerezani zoyeserera, tsimikizirani magawo osiyanasiyana, ndipo pitirizani kuchita DOE mpaka mutapeza magawo oyenera.
5. Kugwa kwa malo olumikizirana
Ngati liwiro la kuwotcherera ndi lochepa, dziwe losungunuka lidzakhala lalikulu komanso lokulirapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitsulo chosungunuka chikhale chovuta kusunga mphamvu pamwamba. Chitsulo chosungunuka chikalemera kwambiri, pakati pa chosungunulacho pakhoza kumira ndikupanga ma dips ndi maenje. Pankhaniyi, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kuyenera kuchepetsedwa moyenera kuti dziwe losungunuka lisagwe.
Pankhani ina, mpata wowotcherera umangogwa popanda kuboola. Mosakayikira ili ndi vuto la kukanikiza kwa zida.
Kumvetsetsa bwino zolakwika zomwe zingachitike panthawi yogwiritsa ntchito laser welding ndi zomwe zimayambitsa zolakwika zosiyanasiyana kumathandiza kuti pakhale njira yolunjika kwambiri yothetsera mavuto aliwonse osazolowereka a welding.
6. Kulungira ming'alu
Ming'alu yomwe imawonekera panthawi yogwiritsa ntchito laser mosalekeza makamaka ndi ming'alu ya kutentha, monga ming'alu ya kristalo ndi ming'alu ya liquefaction. Chifukwa chachikulu cha ming'aluyi ndi mphamvu zazikulu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi weld isanaume kwathunthu.
Palinso zifukwa zotsatirazi za ming'alu mu laser welding:
1. Kapangidwe kosayenera ka weld: Kapangidwe kosayenera ka geometry ndi kukula kwa weld kungayambitse kuchuluka kwa kupsinjika kwa weld, zomwe zimayambitsa ming'alu. Yankho lake ndikuwongolera kapangidwe ka weld kuti mupewe kuchuluka kwa kupsinjika kwa weld. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma weld oyenera, kusintha mawonekedwe a weld, ndi zina zotero.
2. Kusalingana kwa magawo olumikizirana: Kusankha molakwika magawo olumikizirana, monga liwiro lolumikizirana mwachangu kwambiri, mphamvu yokwera kwambiri, ndi zina zotero, kungayambitse kusintha kwa kutentha kosagwirizana m'dera lolumikizirana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kupsinjika kwakukulu kwa mawotchi ndi ming'alu. Yankho ndikusintha magawo olumikizirana kuti agwirizane ndi zinthu zomwe zilipo komanso momwe mawotchi amagwirira ntchito.
3. Kusakonzekera bwino malo olumikizirana: Kulephera kuyeretsa bwino ndi kukonza malo olumikizirana musanagwiritse ntchito, monga kuchotsa ma oxide, mafuta, ndi zina zotero, kudzakhudza ubwino ndi mphamvu ya cholumikizira ndipo kungayambitse ming'alu mosavuta. Yankho lake ndi kuyeretsa bwino ndi kukonza malo olumikizirana kuti zinyalala ndi zodetsa zomwe zili m'malo olumikizirana zikukonzedwa bwino.
4. Kusalamulira bwino kutentha komwe kumalowetsedwa: Kusalamulira bwino kutentha komwe kumalowetsedwa panthawi yowotcherera, monga kutentha kwambiri panthawi yowotcherera, kuzizira kosayenera kwa gawo lowotcherera, ndi zina zotero, kumabweretsa kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka malo owotcherera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ming'alu. Yankho lake ndikuwongolera kutentha ndi kuzizira komwe kumalowetsedwa panthawi yowotcherera kuti tipewe kutentha kwambiri komanso kuzizira mwachangu.
5. Kuchepetsa kupsinjika: Kuchepetsa kupsinjika pambuyo polumikiza kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa kupsinjika pamalo olumikizirana, zomwe zingayambitse ming'alu mosavuta. Yankho lake ndikuchita chithandizo choyenera chochepetsa kupsinjika pambuyo polumikiza, monga kutentha kapena kugwedeza (chifukwa chachikulu).
Ponena za njira yopangira mabatire a lithiamu, ndi njira ziti zomwe zingayambitse ming'alu?
Kawirikawiri, ming'alu imachitika nthawi zambiri panthawi yolumikiza zitsulo zomangira, monga kulumikiza zitsulo zomangira zitsulo zozungulira kapena zitsulo zomangira aluminiyamu, kulumikiza zitsulo zomangira aluminiyamu zomangira, ndi zina zotero. Kuphatikiza apo, panthawi yopangira zinthu, kulumikiza kwa chosonkhanitsa chamagetsi kumakhalanso ndi ming'alu.
Zachidziwikire, tingagwiritsenso ntchito waya wodzaza, kutentha koyambirira kapena njira zina zochepetsera kapena kuchotsa ming'alu iyi.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-01-2023
