Monga chonyamulira ziwalo zina za galimoto, ukadaulo wopanga thupi la galimoto umatsimikizira mwachindunji mtundu wonse wa galimotoyo. Pakupanga thupi la galimoto, kuwotcherera ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yopangira. Ukadaulo wowotcherera womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pano powotcherera thupi la galimoto makamaka umaphatikizapo kuwotcherera malo osasunthika, kuwotcherera kwa gasi wosungunuka (MIG welding) ndi kuwotcherera kwa gasi wosungunuka (MAG welding) wosungunuka (laser welding).
Monga ukadaulo wapamwamba wowotcherera womwe umagwirizanitsa kuwala ndi makina, ukadaulo wowotcherera wa laser uli ndi ubwino wokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, liwiro lowotcherera mwachangu, kupsinjika pang'ono ndi kusintha kwa kuwotcherera, komanso kusinthasintha kwabwino poyerekeza ndi ukadaulo wachikhalidwe wowotcherera thupi lagalimoto.
Kapangidwe ka thupi la galimoto ndi kovuta, ndipo ziwalo za thupi makamaka zimakhala ndi makoma owonda komanso opindika. Kuwotcherera thupi lokha kumakumana ndi mavuto owotcherera monga kusiyanasiyana kwa zinthu za thupi, makulidwe osiyanasiyana a ziwalo za thupi, njira zosiyanasiyana zowotcherera ndi mawonekedwe olumikizirana. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwotcherera thupi la galimoto kumakhala ndi zofunikira kwambiri pa mtundu wa kuwotcherera komanso magwiridwe antchito a kuwotcherera.
Kutengera ndi magawo oyenera a njira yowotcherera, kuwotcherera kwa laser kumatha kutsimikizira kutopa kwambiri komanso kulimba kwa ziwalo zofunika kwambiri zamagalimoto powotcherera, motero kuonetsetsa kuti kuwotcherera thupi kumakhala kwabwino komanso nthawi yayitali yogwirira ntchito. Ukadaulo wowotcherera wa laser ukhoza kusinthana ndi kuwotcherera ziwalo za thupi zamagalimoto zokhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana olumikizirana, makulidwe osiyanasiyana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu, kukwaniritsa kufunikira kwa kusinthasintha popanga magalimoto. Chifukwa chake, ukadaulo wowotcherera wa laser ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yopezera chitukuko chapamwamba chamakampani opanga magalimoto.
Njira yowotcherera ya laser ya matupi a magalimoto
Mfundo yaikulu ya njira yolumikizira laser: Pamene mphamvu ya laser yafika pamlingo winawake, pamwamba pa chinthucho pamakhala nthunzi, motero pamakhala dzenje la keyboo. Pamene mphamvu ya nthunzi yachitsulo mkati mwa dzenjelo yafika pamlingo wofanana ndi mphamvu yosasunthika komanso mphamvu ya pamwamba ya madzi ozungulira, laser imatha kuyatsa kudzera mu dzenje la keyboo kupita pansi pa dzenjelo, ndipo ndi kuyenda kwa laser beam, weld yopitilira imapangidwa. Mu njira yolumikizira laser deep fusion, palibe chifukwa chowonjezera flux yothandizira kapena filler kuti ilumikize zinthu za workpiece kukhala imodzi.
Msoko wothira weld womwe umapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito laser deep fusion welding nthawi zambiri umakhala wosalala komanso wowongoka komanso wochepa, zomwe zimathandiza kukonza kulondola kwa kapangidwe ka galimoto. Mphamvu yokoka ya weld ndi yayikulu, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti galimotoyo imagwira bwino ntchito. Liwiro la weld ndi lachangu, zomwe zimathandiza kukonza bwino ntchito yothira weld.
Mu njira yowotcherera thupi lokha, kugwiritsa ntchito njira yowotcherera ya laser deep fusion kungachepetse kwambiri kuchuluka kwa ziwalo, nkhungu ndi zida zowotcherera, motero kuchepetsa kulemera kwa thupi ndi ndalama zopangira. Komabe, njira yowotcherera ya laser deep fusion siilekerera kwambiri kusiyana kwa malo osonkhanitsira ziwalo zomwe ziyenera kuwotcherera, ndipo kusiyana kwa malo osonkhanitsira kuyenera kulamulidwa pakati pa 0.05 ndi 2 mm. Ngati kusiyana kwa malo osonkhanitsira kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, zolakwika za malo osotcherera monga porosity zidzachitika.
Kafukufuku waposachedwa akuwonetsa kuti pakulumikiza thupi la auto kuchokera ku chinthu chomwecho, mwa kukonza magawo a njira yolumikizira laser deep-fusion, n'zotheka kupeza weld yokhala ndi mapangidwe abwino pamwamba, zolakwika zochepa zamkati komanso mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri a makina. Makhalidwe abwino kwambiri a makina a weld amatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zigawo zolumikizira thupi la auto. Komabe, pakulumikiza thupi la auto, aluminiyamu alloy-steel monga choyimira njira yolumikizira zitsulo zosiyanasiyana za laser deep fusion siikula, ngakhale powonjezera gawo losinthira lingapeze magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri a weld, koma zida zosiyanasiyana za kusintha kwa gawo pa IMC layer influence mechanism ndi momwe zimakhudzira kapangidwe kake kakang'ono ka weld mechanism sizikumveka bwino, pakufunika kuphunzira mozama.
Njira Yowotcherera Waya wa Laser Waya wa Magalimoto
Njira yolumikizira waya pogwiritsa ntchito laser filler imadalira mfundo iyi: Cholumikizira cholumikizidwa chimapangidwa mwa kudzaza waya ndi waya winawake pasadakhale kapena popereka waya nthawi imodzi panthawi yolumikizira waya pogwiritsa ntchito laser. Izi zikufanana ndi kupatsa waya wofanana mu dziwe lolumikizira waya panthawi yolumikizira waya pogwiritsa ntchito laser deep fusion. Chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa chikuwonetsa njira yolumikizira waya pogwiritsa ntchito laser filler.
Poyerekeza ndi kulumikiza kwa laser deep fusion, kulumikiza kwa laser filler kuli ndi ubwino awiri pakulumikiza thupi lokha: choyamba, kumatha kusintha kwambiri kulekerera kwa kusiyana kwa malo osonkhanira pakati pa ziwalo za thupi lokha kuti zilumikizidwe ndikuthetsa vuto la kufunikira kwakukulu kwa bevel gap pakulumikiza kwa laser deep fusion; chachiwiri, kumatha kusintha kufalikira kwa minofu m'dera la weld pogwiritsa ntchito mawaya okhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kenako ndikulamulira magwiridwe antchito a weld.
Pakupanga thupi loyendetsa galimoto, njira yowotcherera ya laser filler imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuwotcherera ziwalo za aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo za thupi. Makamaka pa njira yowotcherera ziwalo za aluminiyamu za thupi loyendetsa galimoto, mphamvu ya pamwamba pa dziwe losungunuka ndi yaying'ono, zomwe zingayambitse kugwa kwa dziwe losungunuka mosavuta, pomwe njira yowotcherera ya laser filler imatha kuthetsa bwino vuto la kugwa kwa dziwe losungunuka kudzera mu kusungunuka kwa waya mu njira yowotcherera ya laser.
Njira yopangira laser ya thupi la magalimoto
Njira yopangira laser imachokera pa mfundo iyi: Pogwiritsa ntchito laser ngati gwero la kutentha, kuwala kwa laser kumayikidwa pamwamba pa waya, waya umasungunuka, waya wosungunuka umatsikira pansi ndikudzaza ntchito yoti ilumikizidwe, ndipo zotsatira zachitsulo monga kusungunuka ndi kufalikira zimachitika pakati pa zinthu zopangira brazing ndi ntchito yopangira, motero zimalumikizana ndi ntchito yopangira. Mosiyana ndi njira yopangira laser filler, njira yopangira laser imangosungunula waya osati ntchito yopangira. Laser brazing ili ndi kukhazikika kwabwino kwa welding, koma mphamvu yokoka ya weld yomwe imachokera ndi yochepa. Chithunzi 3 chikuwonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira laser brazing mu welding cover cover compartment yamagalimoto.
Pakuwotcherera thupi lokha, njira yopangira laser imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuwotcherera ziwalo za thupi zomwe sizifuna mphamvu zambiri zolumikizirana, monga kuwotcherera pakati pa chivundikiro chapamwamba ndi zozungulira m'mbali, kuwotcherera pakati pa gawo lapamwamba ndi la pansi la chivundikiro cha chipinda cha katundu, ndi zina zotero. Chivundikiro chapamwamba cha VW, Audi ndi mitundu ina yapakatikati ndi yapamwamba yonse imagwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira laser.
Zolakwika zazikulu zomwe zimapezeka m'malo olumikizirana a magalimoto pogwiritsa ntchito laser ndi monga kuluma m'mphepete, porosity, weld deformation, ndi zina zotero, ndipo zofookazo zimatha kuchepetsedwa kwambiri poyang'anira magawo a ndondomekoyi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizirana ndi laser yokhala ndi ma focus ambiri.
Njira yowotcherera yopangira laser-arc yopangidwa ndi thupi la magalimoto
Mfundo ya njira yolumikizirana ya laser-arc ndi iyi: magwero awiri otentha, laser ndi arc, amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imodzi kugwira ntchito pamwamba pa workpiece yomwe ikufunika kuwotcherera, ndipo workpiece imasungunuka ndikulimba kuti ipange msoko wolumikizirana. Chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa chikuwonetsa njira yolumikizirana ya laser-arc.
Kuwotcherera kophatikizana kwa laser-arc kumaphatikiza ubwino wa kuwotcherera kwa laser ndi kuwotcherera kwa arc: choyamba, pogwiritsa ntchito magwero awiri otentha, liwiro la kuwotcherera likhoza kuwonjezeka, kutentha komwe kumalowa kumakhala kochepa, kusintha kwa weld kumakhala kochepa, kusunga mawonekedwe a kuwotcherera kwa laser; chachiwiri, kuthekera kolumikizana bwino, kulolerana kwa mipata yosonkhanitsira kumakhala kwakukulu; chachitatu, liwiro lolimba la dziwe losungunuka limakhala locheperako, zomwe zimathandiza kuchotsa ma pores, ming'alu ndi zolakwika zina zowotcherera, kukonza dongosolo ndi magwiridwe antchito a dera lomwe lakhudzidwa ndi kutentha. Chachinayi, chifukwa cha arc, imatha kuwotcherera zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi kuwala kwakukulu komanso kutentha kwambiri, ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mu njira yopangira thupi la magalimoto, njira yolumikizirana ya laser-arc composite imagwiritsa ntchito makamaka kulumikiza zigawo za aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo zosiyanasiyana za aluminiyamu, chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa malo olumikizirana, monga gawo la chitseko cha galimoto komwe kulumikizidwa, izi zili choncho chifukwa kusiyana kwa malo olumikizirana kumalimbikitsa magwiridwe antchito a laser-arc composite welding. Kuphatikiza apo, ukadaulo wa laser-MIG arc composite welding umagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamalo a denga la mbali ya thupi la Audi.
Mu njira yolumikizira thupi lokha, kulumikiza kophatikizana kwa laser-arc kuli ndi ubwino wololera kwakukulu kwa mipata poyerekeza ndi kulumikiza kwa laser imodzi, komabe, kulumikiza kophatikizana kwa laser-arc kumafuna kuganizira mozama za malo a laser ndi arc, magawo a kulumikiza kwa laser, magawo a arc ndi zina. Kachitidwe ka kutentha ndi kusamutsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu mu njira yolumikizira ya laser-arc ndi kovuta, makamaka kayendetsedwe ka mphamvu ka kulumikiza zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndipo njira ya IMC makulidwe ndi malamulo a minofu sizikudziwikabe ndipo ikufunika kulimbitsa kafukufuku.
Njira zina zowotcherera thupi pogwiritsa ntchito laser
Kuwotcherera kozama kwa laser, kuwotcherera kodzaza laser, kuwotcherera kwa laser ndi kuwotcherera kophatikizana kwa laser-arc ndi njira zina zowotcherera zili ndi chiphunzitso chokhwima komanso ntchito zosiyanasiyana zothandiza. Pamene zofunikira za makampani oyendetsa magalimoto kuti agwiritse ntchito bwino kuwotcherera thupi zikuwonjezeka komanso kufunika kwa kuwotcherera zinthu zosiyanasiyana popanga zinthu zopepuka kukuwonjezeka, kuwotcherera kwa laser spot, kuwotcherera kwa laser oscillation, kuwotcherera kwa multi-laser beam ndi kuwotcherera kwa laser flight kwatchuka kwambiri.
Njira yowotcherera malo pogwiritsa ntchito laser
Kuwotcherera malo a laser ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba wowotcherera wa laser wokhala ndi ubwino waukulu wa liwiro lowotcherera mwachangu komanso kulondola kwambiri kwa kuwotcherera. Mfundo yayikulu yowotcherera malo a laser ndikuyika kuwala kwa laser pamalo omwe akuwotcherera, kuti chitsulo pamalowo chisungunuke nthawi yomweyo, komanso posintha kuchuluka kwa laser kuti ikwaniritse kuwotcherera kwa kutentha kapena kusakaniza kwa deep fusion, kuwala kwa laser kukasiya kugwira ntchito, chitsulo chamadzimadzi chimabwerera m'mbuyo, chimalimba ndikupanga cholumikizira.
Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya kulumikiza malo a laser: kulumikiza malo a laser ndi kulumikiza malo a laser mosalekeza. Mtanda wa laser mu kulumikiza malo a laser mosalekeza uli ndi mphamvu yayikulu, koma nthawi yogwira ntchito ndi yochepa, ndipo nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikiza zitsulo zopepuka monga ma magnesium alloys ndi aluminiyamu alloys. Mu kulumikiza malo a laser mosalekeza, mtanda wa laser uli ndi mphamvu yayikulu komanso nthawi yayitali yogwirira ntchito ya laser, ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polumikiza chitsulo.
Pothira ma body welding auto, poyerekeza ndi resistance spot welding, laser spot welding ili ndi ubwino wa njira yothira ma spot yomwe si yokhudzana ndi yodzipangira yokha, yomwe ingakwaniritse kufunikira kwa ma stop welding apamwamba pansi pa mipata yosiyanasiyana ya zida zogwirira ntchito zama auto.
Njira yowotcherera ya laser oscillation
Kuwotcherera kwa laser oscillation ndi ukadaulo watsopano wowotcherera wa laser womwe waperekedwa m'zaka zaposachedwa ndipo walandiridwa kwambiri. Mfundo ya ukadaulo uwu ndikupeza kugwedezeka kwachangu, kolongosoka komanso kochepa kwa kuwala kwa laser mwa kuphatikiza galasi lozungulira mumutu wowotcherera wa laser, motero kukwaniritsa zotsatira za kusuntha kuwala uku mukupita patsogolo panthawi yowotcherera kwa laser.
Njira zazikulu zoyendetsera kugwedezeka mu njira yolumikizira kugwedezeka kwa laser ndi izi: kugwedezeka kopingasa, kugwedezeka kwa nthawi yayitali, kugwedezeka kozungulira komanso kugwedezeka kosatha. Njira yolumikizira kugwedezeka kwa laser ili ndi ubwino waukulu pakulumikiza thupi la auto, chifukwa momwe madzi amayendera mu dziwe losungunuka zimasinthira kwambiri chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kwa kuwala kwa laser, kotero njirayi imatha kuchotsa zolakwika zosasakanikirana, kukwaniritsa kukonzanso kwa tirigu ndikuletsa kutseguka kwa zinthu zomwezo za auto body, ndikuchepetsa mavuto osakwanira osakaniza zinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso mawonekedwe osakwanira a makina a weld seam pakulumikiza zinthu zosiyanasiyana za auto body.
Njira yowotcherera ya mipiringidzo ya laser yambiri
Pakadali pano, ma laser a fiber angagwiritsidwe ntchito kugawa mtanda umodzi wa laser m'ma laser angapo pogwiritsa ntchito gawo logawanitsa mtanda lomwe layikidwa mu mutu wa welding. Kuwotcherera mtanda wa multi-laser ndikofanana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito magwero ambiri otentha mu ndondomeko yowotcherera. Mwa kusintha kugawa kwa mphamvu ya mtanda, mtanda wosiyanasiyana ukhoza kukwaniritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana, monga: mtanda wokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri ndiye mtanda waukulu, womwe umayang'anira kuwotcherera kwa deep melt; mtanda wocheperako wokhala ndi mphamvu zochepa ukhoza kuyeretsa ndikutenthetsa pamwamba pa zinthuzo ndikuwonjezera kuyamwa kwa mphamvu ya mtanda wa laser ndi zinthuzo.
Njira yowotcherera mipiringidzo ya laser yambiri ingathandize kukonza momwe nthunzi ya zinc imayendera komanso momwe dziwe losungunuka limayendera panthawi yowotcherera mapepala achitsulo, kukonza vuto la kufalikira kwa madzi ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yokoka ya msoko wowotcherera.
Njira yowotcherera ndege pogwiritsa ntchito laser
Ukadaulo wowotcherera ndege pogwiritsa ntchito laser ndi ukadaulo watsopano wowotcherera wa laser womwe uli ndi luso lapamwamba lowotcherera komanso kapangidwe kodziyimira pawokha ka njira yowotcherera. Mfundo yaikulu yowotcherera ndege pogwiritsa ntchito laser ndi yakuti pamene kuwala kwa laser kwachitika pa magalasi a X ndi Y a galasi lowunikira, ngodya ya galasi imayendetsedwa kudzera mu pulogalamu yodziyimira payokha kuti kuwala kwa laser kutembenuke pa ngodya iliyonse.
Mwachikhalidwe, kuwotcherera kwa laser kwa thupi loyendetsa galimoto kumadalira kwambiri loboti yowotcherera kuti iyendetse mutu wowotcherera wa laser kuti ugwire ntchito limodzi kuti ugwire ntchito limodzi. Komabe, kuyenda mobwerezabwereza kwa loboti yowotcherera kumalepheretsa kwambiri kugwira ntchito bwino kwa kuwotcherera kwa thupi loyendetsa galimoto chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma weld ndi kutalika kwa ma weld. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kuwotcherera kwa laser flight kumatha kuchitika mkati mwa mtunda winawake pongosintha ngodya ya chowunikira. Chifukwa chake, ukadaulo wowotcherera wa laser flight ukhoza kusintha kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a kuwotcherera ndipo uli ndi mwayi wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Chidule
Ndi chitukuko cha makampani opanga magalimoto, tsogolo la ukadaulo wowotcherera thupi lidzapitirira kukula mu njira yowotcherera komanso ukadaulo wanzeru.
Thupi la galimoto, makamaka thupi latsopano la galimoto yamphamvu, likukula motsatira kulemera kopepuka. Ma alloys opepuka, zipangizo zophatikizika ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'thupi la galimoto, njira yozolowereka ya laser ndi yovuta kukwaniritsa zofunikira zake zowotcherera, kotero njira yowotcherera yapamwamba komanso yogwira mtima idzakhala njira yopititsira patsogolo chitukuko chamtsogolo.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, njira yosinthira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito laser, monga laser swing welding, multi-laser beam welding, laser flight welding, ndi zina zotero, yakhala ikukhudza ubwino wa welding ndi luso la welding pofufuza koyamba ndi kufufuza njira. Tsogolo liyenera kukhala njira yosinthira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito laser welding ndi auto body weight body, heterogeneous material welding ndi zochitika zina zogwirizana kwambiri, kapangidwe ka laser beam swing trajectory, multi-laser beam energy action mechanism ndi flight welding efficiency ndi zina mwa zinthu zofunika kufufuza mozama kuti tifufuze njira yosinthira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito laser welding.
Ukadaulo wowotcherera wa laser ya thupi lokha ukugwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi ukadaulo wanzeru, kuzindikira momwe thupi lowotcherera la laser la thupi lokha limagwirira ntchito nthawi yeniyeni komanso kuwongolera mayankho a magawo a ndondomeko kumakhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri paubwino wowotcherera. Ukadaulo wowotcherera wa laser wanzeru womwe ukugwiritsidwa ntchito pano umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokonzekera njira yowotcherera isanalowetsedwe, kutsatira ndikuwunika khalidwe la wotchi pambuyo pa kuwotcherera. Kafukufuku wamkati ndi wakunja pakuzindikira zolakwika zowotcherera ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a magawo akadali achichepere, ndipo ukadaulo wowongolera magwiridwe antchito a laser sunagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga thupi lokha.
Choncho, kuti tigwiritse ntchito ukadaulo wa laser wowotcherera mu mawonekedwe a njira yowotcherera thupi la auto body, tsogolo liyenera kupangidwa ndi makina apamwamba anzeru ozindikira a multi-sensor core laser wowotcherera ndi makina owongolera anzeru othamanga kwambiri kuti atsimikizire kuti ukadaulo wanzeru wowotcherera wa laser ukuyendetsedwa nthawi yeniyeni komanso molondola pa ulalo uliwonse, kudzera mu ulalo wa "pre-welding trajectory planning - welding parameters adaptive control post-welding quality online Inspection", kuti zitsimikizire kuti ntchito yabwino komanso yothandiza.
Kampani ya Maven laser automation yakhala ikuyang'ana kwambiri makampani opanga laser kwa zaka 14, timadziwa bwino ntchito yowotcherera laser, tili ndi makina owetcherera a laser arm robotic arm, Table Automatic Laser Welding Machine, Handheld Laser Welding Machine, kuwonjezera apo, tilinso ndi makina owetcherera laser, makina odulira laser ndi makina ojambula chizindikiro a laser, tili ndi ma casing ambiri a laser welding solution, ngati mukufuna mutha kulumikizana nafe nthawi zonse.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-09-2022
