Encyclopedia of Welding Knowledge: Kukambirana Mwachidule pa Kugawa
ndi Njira Zowotcherera za Kuwotcherera kwa Laser
Pakupanga mafakitale, kuwotcherera kwa laser kwakhala kukugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali m'magawo a ndege,kuwotcherera kolondola kwambiri, ndi kuwotcherera zinthu zapadera. Ndi chitukuko cha mafakitale ndi kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo, kuwotcherera kwa laser tsopano kukugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuwotcherera zinthu wamba. Lero, tikambirana za magulu a kuwotcherera kwa laser. Kuwotcherera kwa laser ndi njira yothandiza komanso yolondola yowotcherera yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa laser kokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri ngati gwero lotenthetsera kuti igwirizanitse zinthu pamodzi. Ili ndi zabwino zambiri, monga liwiro lowotcherera mwachangu, kusintha pang'ono, zosowa zochepa pa malo owotcherera, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zambiri, kusakhudzidwa ndi mphamvu zamaginito, palibe malire pa zinthu zoyendetsera, palibe chifukwa chogwirira ntchito ndi vacuum, komanso palibe kupanga X-ray panthawi yowotcherera.
Kuwotcherera kwa laser kumatha kugawidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana:
- Kugawa ndi laser output energy mode:
- Kuwotcherera kosalekeza kwa laser: Kapangidwe kawotcherera kosalekeza komanso kosalekeza kamapangidwa panthawi yowotcherera.
- Kuwotcherera kwa laser koyendetsedwa ndi pulsed: Popeza mphamvu zomwe zimalowa pamwamba pa gawo lolumikizidwa zimakhala zosasinthasintha, malo aliwonse owala omwe amayendetsedwa amagwira ntchito pamwamba pa chogwirira ntchito cholumikizidwa kuti apange malo ozungulira olumikizira. Mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a chitsulo angapezeke malinga ndi magawo osiyanasiyana a laser.
- Kugawa malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya malo owunikira a laser:
- Kuwotcherera kwa kutentha kwa laser: Mphamvu yamagetsi ndi yotsika, nthawi zambiri imakhala yochepera 10⁵ W/cm². Laser imatumiza mphamvu pamwamba pa chogwirira ntchito chowotcherera, ndikutenthetsa pamwamba pa chitsulocho kutentha pakati pa malo osungunuka ndi malo owira. Kutentha kumasamutsidwira mkati mwa chitsulocho kudzera mu kutentha kuti apange weld, yomwe ili yofanana ndi tungsten inert.kuwotcherera kwa gasi (TIG).
- Kuwotcherera kozama kwa laser (kuwotcherera makiyi): Pamene mphamvu ya laser yomwe ikugwira ntchito pamwamba pa chitsulo ndi yoposa 10⁵ W/cm², kuwala kwa laser komwe kumakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri kumagwira ntchito pamwamba pa chitsulocho, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chisungunuke m'deralo ndikupanga "kiyibowo". Kuwala kwa laser kumalowa mkati mwa dziwe losungunuka kudzera mu "kiyibowo" kuti apange weld.
- Kugawa m'magulu malinga ndi njira yowongolera:
- Makina owotcherera a laser amanja
- Makina owotcherera a laser okha
- Makina owotcherera a laser a Galvo
- Kugawa ndi mtundu wa laser:
- Makina owotcherera a laser a YAG
- Makina owotcherera a laser a semiconductor
- Makina owotcherera a laser a fiber
1. Kuwotcherera ndi Laser Youluka
Kuwotcherera kwa laser youluka kumaphatikiza ubwino wa kuwotcherera kwakutali, ma galvanometer, ndi ma manipulators, ndipo kuli ndi mapulogalamu aukadaulo okonza zithunzi kuti akwaniritse kuwotcherera kwa njira zambiri nthawi yomweyo m'malo atatu.
Mapulogalamu Aakulu:
Imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu monga magalimoto, mipando, ndi zida zodziwika bwino zamagalimoto. Ponena za zipangizo, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zodziwika bwino monga mbale zachitsulo, mbale zozungulira zozizira, ndi aluminiyamu, komanso zipangizo zophatikizika ndi zinthu zosakanikirana monga ma magnesium-aluminium alloys.
★ Ubwino:
- Yogwirizana ndi mawonekedwe aliwonse a weld
- Yoyenera njira iliyonse yowotcherera
- Kugawa kwa weld/malo komwe kumadziwika ndi ogwiritsa ntchito
- Kugawa bwino kwa kupsinjika
- Imatha kulumikiza malo mwachangu kwambiri, kulumikiza msoko, kulumikiza lap, kulumikiza matako, kulumikiza fillet, ndi kulumikiza pamwamba
- Kugwirizanitsa nthawi yeniyeni pakati pa mutu wowotcherera ndi loboti kuti ifulumizitse njira yowotcherera ya laser
- Kufunika kwa malo ang'onoang'ono pansi
- Kuchepetsa ndalama zosamalira ndi zoyendera
2. Kuwotcherera kwa Laser Yozungulira
Ndi njira yowotcherera ya laser yokhala ndi kugwedezeka kwa laser kwa ma wedge awiri, komwe kumachitika poyika gawo lapadera logwedezeka pamutu wowotcherera. Izi zimathandiza kuti malo owala omwe ali pamalopo apange chowotcherera chozungulira pamene mutu wowotcherera ukuyenda.
Mapulogalamu Aakulu:
Zowotcherera za hinge, zosinthira kutentha, zosinthira kutentha kwa machubu, zowotcherera za machubu okhuthala mumakampani opanga mafuta ndi gasi, zowotcherera za flange, ndi zowotcherera za aluminiyamu, ndi zina zotero.
★ Ubwino:
- Kuwotcherera kwakukulu
- Kubwerezabwereza kwambiri/kukhazikika kwa njira
- Kupanga bwino kwa weld
- Chosavuta kukonza pambuyo pake komanso pamwamba pake posalala pa chogwirira ntchito cholumikizidwa
- Mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yowotcherera aluminiyamu
3. Kupaka ndi Laser
Kuthira kwa laser kumatanthauza njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chodzaza chomwe chili ndi malo osungunuka otsika kuposa a chitsulo choyambira. Chitsulo chothira cha brazing chimatenthedwa kutentha kwambiri kuposa malo ake osungunuka koma chotsika kuposa kutentha kosungunuka kwa chitsulo choyambira. Chitsulo chothira chamadzimadzi chimanyowetsa chitsulo choyambira, chimadzaza malo olumikizirana, ndikufalikira ndi chitsulo choyambira kuti chigwirizane ndi zigawo zolumikizidwa.
Mapulogalamu Aakulu:
Kuwotcherera kwa mafelemu a aluminiyamu, monga kulumikizana pakati pa denga ndi khoma lam'mbali, ndi zitseko.
★ Ubwino:
- Amachepetsa zolakwika za laser welding yoyera, monga ma pores, ming'alu, ndi mipata yambiri yolumikizira zinthu
- Zimalimbitsa mphamvu ya weld ndipo zimapeza mkanda wabwino kwambiri wa weld
- Chitsulo chodzaza brazing chokha ndicho chimasungunuka panthawi ya brazing, pomwe chitsulo choyambira sichimasungunuka
- Kusintha pang'ono kwa malo olumikizirana okhala ndi chitsulo, mawonekedwe osalala komanso okongola, oyenera kuwotcherera molondola, zida zovuta zopangidwa ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana
- Malo ang'onoang'ono okhudzidwa ndi kutentha komanso mphamvu yayikulu yopondereza
4. Kuwotcherera Kodzazidwa ndi Waya wa Laser
Kuwotcherera waya wodzazidwa ndi laser ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chodzaza chomwe chili ndi chinthu chomwecho kapena chofanana ndi chitsulo choyambira. Chitsulo choyambira ndi chitsulo chodzaza ndi brazing chimasungunuka kenako n’kulimba kuti chipange weld.
Mapulogalamu Aakulu:
Kuwotcherera ziwalo zonse za thupi la magalimoto ndi ziwalo zamagalimoto.
★ Ubwino:
- Amachepetsa zolakwika za laser welding yoyera, monga ma pores ndi ming'alu
- Zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zolumikizidwa ndipo zimathandiza kuti pakhale mipata yayikulu pakati pa zinthu zolumikizidwa
- Chitsulo choyambira chimasungunuka panthawi yowotcherera, ndipo mphamvu ya wolt imakhala yokwera kuposa ya chitsulo choyambira.
5. Kuzungulira kwa Oscillating
Imaphatikiza ntchito zowunikira ma beam ndi weld tracking mu zida zomwezo kudzera mu ALO3. Waya wodzaza ungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati sensa yamakina.
Mapulogalamu Aakulu:
Kuphimba kwa laser kwa matupi oyera, makamaka kuphatikiza kuphimba kwa laser kwa zophimba padenga ndi zivindikiro za thunthu, komanso kuphimba kwa ziwalo zamagalimoto. Kusinthasintha kwa zigawo ndi zolakwika za zida nthawi zambiri kumawonjezera zovuta za kuphimba kwa laser kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti njira yolumikizira laser ikhale yovuta kwambiri. Komabe, kuphimba kozungulira kumatha kusintha bwino njira yake yolumikizira. Ndi ntchito zotsatirira weld ndi automatic focal length compensation, zimathandiza kuti kuwala kwa laser kutsogoleredwe mosavuta komanso kuyang'aniridwa, kuzindikira kusintha kwa njira, kukhala ndi automation yapamwamba, liwiro lolumikizira mwachangu, komanso magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, motero kusunga mtundu wa kulumikiza.
★ Ubwino:
- Kutsata kwa weld kuti mudziwe njira yolumikizira weld ya workpiece nthawi yeniyeni
- Kusintha kosinthika kwa njira yolumikizirana mu XYZ mbali zitatu malinga ndi kusiyana kosiyana kwa ntchito kuti mupeze mtundu wabwino wa kulumikizana
- Zimathandizira kuti zinthu zisamawonongeke nthawi zonse
6. Kuyika Ma Brazing Atatu
Gawo la magawo awiri limawonjezeredwa ku lenzi. Pa nthawi yowotcherera, gawo la magawo atatu mu optics ya brazing limagawa mtanda umodzi m'mizere itatu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mapepala achitsulo otenthedwa ndi galvanized agwiritsidwe ntchito bwino komanso kuti chowotchereracho chikhale chosalala popanda kusweka.
Mapulogalamu Aakulu:
Kuphimba kwa aluminiyamu yoyera, kuphimba kwa laser kwa zophimba padenga ndi zivindikiro za thunthu, ndi kuphimba kwa zida zamagalimoto, ndi zina zotero.
★ Ubwino:
- Njira yokhazikika komanso yodalirika yopangira brazing
- Liwiro lachangu
- Mphamvu yapamwamba
- Ma welds a pepala lokhala ndi ma galvanized sheet owoneka bwino
- Njira yoyeretsera pa intaneti
- Kusintha kwa mphamvu zamagetsi
7. Kuwotcherera kwa Hybrid kwa Mafunde Ambiri
Kuwotcherera kwa hybrid kwa mafunde ambirindi njira yatsopano yowotcherera yomwe idayambitsidwa ndi Lianying Laser. Imagwiritsa ntchito mipiringidzo iwiri ya laser yokhala ndi mafunde osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nkhwangwa za mipiringidzo iwiriyi zigwirizane mlengalenga. Laser yayikulu ya mafunde imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri powotcherera, pomwe laser yachiwiri ya mafunde imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka potenthetsera waya wowotcherera ndi chitsulo choyambira, kuchepetsa kuzizira kwa chitsulo chosungunuka mu dziwe lowotcherera. Ndi yoyenera makamaka mipiringidzo ya aluminiyamu, mipiringidzo ya magnesium, mipiringidzo yamkuwa, ndi zina zotero.
★ Ubwino:
- Amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma pores
- Zimathandizira kukhazikika kwa mkanda wowotcherera ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yowotcherera
- Imathandiza kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa kutentha, imachepetsa ming'alu, imalimbitsa mphamvu ya weld, ndipo imapanga mikanda yoweta yomwe imaoneka yofanana.
Pomaliza, pakadali pano, mumakampani opanga laser, ukadaulo ndi zida zakunja zikutsogolerabe. Zapita patsogolo kwambiri m'mbali zonse, kuyambira ma laser hosts ndi ma optical processing heads mpaka zida zothandizira monga ma chillers, ma power meter, in-welding monitoring, post-welding inspection, ndi TCP calibrator. Makampani am'nyumba akuyesetsa kuti akwaniritse izi. Komabe, pankhani yogwiritsa ntchito laser welding, China yakhala pafupi ndi mayiko ena apamwamba, ndipo mabizinesi ambiri apamwamba akuyamba bwino ndipo akupeza zotsatira zabwino kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-05-2025
