Papita zaka zoposa 60 kuchokera pamene "kuwala kogwirizana" koyamba kunapangidwa mu labotale ya ku California mu 1960. Monga momwe woyambitsa laser, TH Maiman, ananenera, "Laser ndi yankho lofunafuna vuto." Laser, monga chida, pang'onopang'ono ikulowa m'magawo ambiri monga kukonza mafakitale, kulumikizana kwa kuwala, ndi kuwerengera deta.
Makampani a laser aku China, omwe amadziwika kuti "Mafumu a Involution", amadalira "mtengo wofanana ndi kuchuluka" kuti atenge gawo la msika, koma amalipira mtengo wa phindu lotsika.
Msika wadziko lino wagwera mu mpikisano waukulu, ndipo makampani opanga laser apita patsogolo ndikuyamba ulendo wofunafuna "kontinenti yatsopano" ya opanga laser aku China. Mu 2023, China Laser idayamba mwalamulo "chaka chake choyamba chopita kunja." Pa Munich International Light Expo ku Germany kumapeto kwa Juni chaka chino, makampani oposa 220 aku China adawonekera m'magulu, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti likhale dziko lomwe lili ndi owonetsa ambiri kupatula Germany yomwe idalandira alendo.
Kodi bwato ladutsa mapiri a zikwi khumi? Kodi China Laser ingadalire bwanji "voliyumu" kuti ikhale yolimba, ndipo iyenera kudalira chiyani kuti ipite patsogolo?
1. Kuchokera ku "zaka khumi zagolide" mpaka "msika wotuluka magazi"
Monga nthumwi ya ukadaulo watsopano, kafukufuku wa makampani opanga laser m'dziko muno anayamba mochedwa, kuyambira pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo ndi makampani apadziko lonse lapansi. Laser yoyamba padziko lonse lapansi idatuluka mu 1960. Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, mu Ogasiti 1961, laser yoyamba ku China idabadwa ku Changchun Institute of Optics and Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Pambuyo pake, makampani akuluakulu opanga zida za laser padziko lonse lapansi adakhazikitsidwa limodzi pambuyo pa lina. M'zaka khumi zoyambirira za mbiri ya laser, Bystronic ndi Coherent adabadwa. Pofika m'ma 1970, II-VI ndi Prima adakhazikitsidwa motsatizana. TRUMPF, mtsogoleri wa zida zamakina, nayenso adayamba mu 1977. Atabweretsa CO₂ laser kuchokera paulendo wake ku United States mu 2016, bizinesi ya laser ya TRUMPF idayamba.
Panjira ya mafakitale, makampani opanga laser aku China anayamba mochedwa. Han's Laser idakhazikitsidwa mu 1993, Huagong Technology idakhazikitsidwa mu 1999, Chuangxin Laser idakhazikitsidwa mu 2004, JPT idakhazikitsidwa mu 2006, ndipo Raycus Laser idakhazikitsidwa mu 2007. Makampani achichepere a laser awa alibe mwayi woyamba, koma ali ndi mphamvu zoti agwire ntchito mtsogolo.
M'zaka 10 zapitazi, ma laser aku China akhala ndi "zaka khumi zagolide" ndipo "kusintha kwa dziko" kukuchitika kwambiri. Kuyambira 2012 mpaka 2022, kuchuluka kwa makampani opanga zida zopangira laser mdziko langa kudzapitirira 10%, ndipo mtengo wotulutsa udzafika pa 86.2 biliyoni ya yuan pofika chaka cha 2022.
M'zaka zisanu zapitazi, msika wa fiber laser walimbikitsa mwachangu kusintha kwa dzikolo pa liwiro looneka ndi maso. Gawo la msika wa fiber lasers zapakhomo lawonjezeka kuchoka pa 40% kufika pafupifupi 70% m'zaka zisanu. Gawo la msika wa American IPG, laser yotsogola ya fiber, ku China latsika kwambiri kuchoka pa 53% mu 2017 kufika pa 28% mu 2022.
Chithunzi: Mpikisano wa msika wa laser wa fiber ku China kuyambira 2018 mpaka 2022 (gwero la deta: Lipoti la Chitukuko cha Makampani a Laser ku China)
Tisatchule msika wamagetsi otsika, womwe kwenikweni wakwanitsa kusinthana m'dziko. Poganizira za "mpikisano wa ma watt 10,000" pamsika wamagetsi amphamvu kwambiri, opanga mafakitale am'nyumba amapikisana wina ndi mnzake, kusonyeza "China Speed" mokwanira. Zinatenga IPG zaka 13 kuchokera pamene laser yoyamba yamagetsi ya 10-watts padziko lonse idatulutsidwa mu 1996 mpaka pomwe laser yoyamba yamagetsi ya 10,000-watt idatulutsidwa, pomwe zinangotenga zaka 5 kuti Raycus Laser isinthe kuchoka pa ma watt 10 kufika pa ma watt 10,000.
Mu mpikisano wa ma watt 10,000, opanga m'nyumba alowa nawo nkhondoyi mmodzi ndi mnzake, ndipo kufalikira kwa malo kukupitirira mofulumira kwambiri. Masiku ano, ma watt 10,000 si mawu atsopano, koma ndi tikiti kwa mabizinesi kuti alowe mu bwalo lopitilira la laser. Zaka zitatu zapitazo, pamene Chuangxin Laser idawonetsa laser yake ya ulusi wa ma watt 25,000 ku Shanghai Munich Light Expo, idayambitsa mkangano wa magalimoto. Komabe, paziwonetsero zosiyanasiyana za laser chaka chino, "ma watt 10,000" akhala muyezo wa mabizinesi, ndipo ngakhale ma watt 30,000, chizindikiro cha ma watt 60,000 chikuwonekanso chofala. Kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala chaka chino, Pentium ndi Chuangxin adayambitsa makina oyamba odulira laser a ma watt 85,000 padziko lonse lapansi, ndikuswa mbiri ya ma watt a laser kachiwiri.
Pakadali pano, mpikisano wa ma watt 10,000 watha. Makina odulira laser asintha kwathunthu njira zachikhalidwe zopangira zinthu monga plasma ndi lawi m'munda wodulira mbale zapakati ndi zokhuthala. Kuonjezera mphamvu ya laser sikudzathandizanso kwambiri pakudulira bwino, koma kudzawonjezera ndalama ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
Chithunzi: Kusintha kwa chiwongola dzanja cha makampani a laser kuyambira 2014 mpaka 2022 (gwero la deta: Wind)
Ngakhale mpikisano wa ma watt 10,000 unali wopambana kwathunthu, "nkhondo yamitengo" yoopsayi inakhudzanso makampani opanga ma laser. Zinatenga zaka 5 zokha kuti gawo la ma fiber laser apakhomo lithe, ndipo zinatenga zaka 5 zokha kuti makampani opanga ma fiber laser achoke pa phindu lalikulu kupita ku phindu laling'ono. M'zaka zisanu zapitazi, njira zochepetsera mitengo zakhala njira yofunika kwambiri yotsogolera makampani akunyumba kuti awonjezere gawo la msika. Ma laser akunyumba "asinthana mtengo ndi kuchuluka" ndipo adalowa pamsika kuti apikisane ndi opanga akunja, ndipo "nkhondo yamitengo" yakula pang'onopang'ono.
Laser ya fiber ya ma watt 10,000 inagulitsidwa pamtengo wokwana ma yuan 2 miliyoni mu 2017. Pofika chaka cha 2021, opanga zinthu m'nyumba achepetsa mtengo wake kufika pa ma yuan 400,000. Chifukwa cha phindu lake lalikulu pamtengo, gawo la msika la Raycus Laser linagwirizana ndi IPG koyamba mu kotala lachitatu la 2021, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti zinthu zisinthe kwambiri m'nyumba.
Pofika mu 2022, pamene chiwerengero cha makampani opanga laser m'dziko chikupitirira kukwera, opanga laser alowa mu gawo la "kusinthika" kwa mpikisano pakati pawo. Malo omenyera nkhondo yamtengo wapatali wa laser asintha kuchoka pa gawo la mankhwala otsika mphamvu ya 1-3 kW kupita ku gawo la mankhwala amphamvu ya 6-50 kW, ndipo makampani akupikisana kuti apange ma laser amphamvu kwambiri. Makuponi amitengo, makuponi otumikira, ndi opanga ena am'nyumba adayambitsa dongosolo la "zolipira zero", ndikuyika zida kwaulere kwa opanga otsika kuti ayesedwe, ndipo mpikisano unakula kwambiri.
Pamapeto pa "roll", makampani opanga ma laser omwe amatuluka thukuta sanayembekezere kukolola bwino. Mu 2022, mtengo wa ma laser a fiber pamsika waku China udzatsika ndi 40-80% pachaka. Mitengo ya zinthu zina zakunja yatsika kufika pa gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a mitengo yotumizidwa kunja. Makampani ambiri amadalira kwambiri kukweza katundu wotumizidwa kuti asunge phindu. Kampani yayikulu ya ma laser a fiber yakunyumba ya Raycus yawona kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa katundu wotumizidwa chaka ndi chaka, koma ndalama zomwe amapeza pantchito zidatsika ndi 6.48% pachaka, ndipo phindu lake lonse lidatsika ndi oposa 90% pachaka. Opanga ambiri akunyumba omwe bizinesi yawo yayikulu ndi ma laser adzawona phindu lalikulu mu 2022 likutsika.
Chithunzi: Chikhalidwe cha "nkhondo ya mitengo" m'munda wa laser (gwero la deta: losonkhanitsidwa kuchokera kuzidziwitso za anthu onse)
Ngakhale makampani otsogola akunja akumana ndi zovuta mu "nkhondo yamitengo" pamsika waku China, podalira maziko awo ozama, magwiridwe antchito awo sanatsike koma adakwera.
Chifukwa cha TRUMPF Group yomwe ili ndi mphamvu pa bizinesi ya EUV lithography machine source ya kampani yaukadaulo yaku Dutch ASML, kuchuluka kwa maoda ake m'chaka chachuma cha 2022 kudakwera kuchoka pa 3.9 biliyoni ya ma euro nthawi yomweyi chaka chatha kufika pa 5.6 biliyoni ya ma euro, kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa chaka ndi chaka kwa 42%; Malonda a Gaoyi mu chaka chachuma cha 2022 atapeza Guanglian Revenue adakwera ndi 7% chaka ndi chaka, ndipo kuchuluka kwa maoda kudafika US $ 4.32 biliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi chaka kwa 29%. Kuchita bwino kudapitilira zomwe zimayembekezeredwa mu kotala lachinayi motsatizana.
Pambuyo poti makampani akunja alephera kupeza malo pamsika waku China, womwe ndi msika waukulu kwambiri wopangira laser, akhozabe kuchita bwino kwambiri. Kodi tingaphunzire chiyani kuchokera ku njira yopangira laser ya makampani otsogola padziko lonse lapansi?
2. "Kuphatikizana kolunjika" vs. "Kuphatikizana kozungulira"
Ndipotu, msika wadziko usanafike ma watts 10,000 ndikuyambitsa "nkhondo yamitengo", makampani otsogola akunja amaliza kusintha kwakukulu pasadakhale. Komabe, chomwe "adachita" si mtengo, koma kapangidwe ka zinthu, ndipo ayamba kuphatikiza unyolo wamakampani kudzera mu kuphatikiza ndi kugula.
Pankhani yokonza laser, makampani otsogola padziko lonse lapansi atenga njira ziwiri zosiyana: panjira yolumikizirana mozungulira unyolo umodzi wamakampani opanga zinthu, IPG ili patsogolo pang'ono; pomwe makampani omwe akuimiridwa ndi TRUMPF ndi Coherent asankha "kuphatikiza kwa Oblique" kutanthauza kuphatikizana koyima ndi kukulitsa gawo lopingasa "ndi manja onse awiri." Makampani atatuwa ayamba nthawi zawo motsatizana, zomwe ndi nthawi ya fiber ya optical yomwe imayimiriridwa ndi IPG, nthawi ya disc yomwe imayimiriridwa ndi TRUMPF, ndi nthawi ya gasi (kuphatikiza excimer) yomwe imayimiriridwa ndi Coherent.
IPG ikulamulira msika ndi ma fiber laser. Kuyambira pomwe idalembedwa mu 2006, kupatula mavuto azachuma mu 2008, ndalama zogwirira ntchito ndi phindu zakhalabe pamlingo wapamwamba. Kuyambira mu 2008, IPG yagula opanga angapo omwe ali ndi ukadaulo wazipangizo monga optical isolators, optical coupling lens, fiber gratings, ndi optical modules, kuphatikiza Photonics Innovations, JPSA, Mobius Photonics, ndi Menara Networks, kuti achite vertical integration mu unyolo wa fiber laser.
Pofika mu 2010, IPG inatha kupanga zinthu zonse zofunika kwambiri. Kampaniyo inapeza mphamvu zodzipangira zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa 100%, zomwe zinali patsogolo kwambiri kuposa mpikisano wake. Kuphatikiza apo, inatsogolera pa ukadaulo ndipo inayambitsa njira yoyamba padziko lonse lapansi yopangira zinthu zolumikizirana ndi fiber amplifier. IPG inali m'munda wa fiber lasers. Imakhala pampando wachifumu padziko lonse lapansi.
Chithunzi: Njira yolumikizirana ndi unyolo wa mafakitale a IPG (gwero la deta: kuphatikiza chidziwitso cha anthu onse)
Pakadali pano, makampani a laser akunyumba, omwe ali mu "nkhondo yamitengo", alowa mu gawo la "kuphatikiza molunjika". Phatikizani unyolo wa mafakitale molunjika pamwamba pamadzi ndikuzindikira kudzipangira zinthu zazikulu, motero kukulitsa mawu a zinthu pamsika.
Mu 2022, pamene "nkhondo yamitengo" ikukulirakulira, njira yopezera malo a zida zazikulu idzafulumizitsidwa mokwanira. Opanga ma laser angapo apanga chitukuko mu ukadaulo wa laser wopangidwa ndi ma large-mode double-cladding (triple-cladding) wa ytterbium; kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopanda ntchito komwe kumapangidwira kwawonjezeka kwambiri; njira zina zapakhomo monga zosungunula, ma collimator, ma couplers, ndi ma fiber gratings zikuchulukirachulukira. Zakula. Makampani otsogola monga Raycus ndi Chuangxin agwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizirana yoyima, akugwira ntchito kwambiri ndi ma fiber lasers, ndipo pang'onopang'ono adapeza ulamuliro wodziyimira pawokha wa zigawo kudzera mu kafukufuku wowonjezera waukadaulo ndi chitukuko komanso kuphatikiza ndi kugula.
Pamene "nkhondo" yomwe yakhalapo kwa zaka zambiri yatha, njira yolumikizirana ya unyolo wamafakitale wamakampani otsogola yafulumira, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati apeza mpikisano wosiyana m'njira zosinthidwa. Pofika chaka cha 2023, njira yolimbana ndi mitengo m'makampani opanga laser yachepa, ndipo phindu la makampani opanga laser lawonjezeka kwambiri. Raycus Laser adapeza phindu lonse la 112 miliyoni yuan mu theka loyamba la 2023, kuwonjezeka kwa 412.25%, ndipo pomaliza pake adatuluka mumthunzi wa "nkhondo yamitengo".
Choyimira njira ina yopangira "kuphatikiza kwa oblique" ndi TRUMPF Group. TRUMPF Group idayamba ngati kampani yopanga zida zamakina. Bizinesi ya laser poyamba inali makamaka ma laser a carbon dioxide. Pambuyo pake, idagula HüTTINGER (1990), HAAS Laser Co., Ltd. (1991), Saxony Machine Tools and Special Machine Tools Co., Ltd. (1992), ndikukulitsa bizinesi yake ya laser yolimba. Mu bizinesi ya makina odulira laser ndi madzi, laser yoyamba yoyesera ya disc idayambitsidwa mu 1999 ndipo kuyambira pamenepo yakhala ikugwira ntchito yayikulu pamsika wa ma disc. Mu 2008, TRUMPF idagula SPI, yomwe idatha kupikisana ndi IPG, pamtengo wa US $ 48.9 miliyoni, ndikubweretsa ma laser a fiber m'gawo lake la bizinesi. Yakhala ikusinthanso pafupipafupi m'munda wa ma laser othamanga kwambiri. Yagula motsatizana opanga ma laser afupiafupi a Amphos (2018) ndi Active Fiber Systems GmbH (2022), ndipo ikupitiliza kudzaza mpata mu kapangidwe ka ukadaulo wa laser wothamanga kwambiri monga ma disc, slabs ndi fiber amplification. "puzzle". Kuwonjezera pa kapangidwe kopingasa ka zinthu zosiyanasiyana za laser monga ma disc laser, ma carbon dioxide lasers, ndi ma fiber lasers, TRUMPF Group imagwiranso ntchito bwino pophatikizana kwa unyolo wa mafakitale. Imaperekanso zinthu zonse zamakina kumakampani omwe ali pansi pamadzi ndipo ilinso ndi mwayi wopikisana nawo pazida zamakina.
Chithunzi: Njira yolumikizira unyolo wa mafakitale wa TRUMPF Group (gwero la deta: kuphatikiza zidziwitso za anthu onse)
Njira iyi imalola kuti mzere wonse udzipangire wokha kuyambira zigawo zazikulu mpaka zida zonse, imayika zinthu za laser zaukadaulo wambiri, ndipo ikupitiliza kukulitsa malire azinthu. Laser ya Han ndi Huagong Technology, makampani otsogola m'dziko muno pankhani ya laser, akutsatira njira yomweyo, omwe ali pamalo oyamba ndi achiwiri pakati pa opanga m'dziko muno omwe amapeza ndalama zogwirira ntchito chaka chonse.
Kusokonekera kwa malire akumtunda ndi akumunsi ndi chinthu chofala kwambiri m'makampani opanga laser. Chifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwa ukadaulo ndi modularization, malire olowera si okwera kwambiri. Ndi maziko awo ndi chilimbikitso cha ndalama, palibe opanga ambiri akunyumba omwe amatha "kutsegula madera atsopano" m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Sizimawoneka kawirikawiri. M'zaka zaposachedwa, opanga ena akunyumba alimbitsa pang'onopang'ono luso lawo lophatikizana ndipo pang'onopang'ono asokoneza malire a unyolo wamafakitale. Ubale woyambirira wa unyolo wokwera ndi wotsika wasintha pang'onopang'ono kukhala mpikisano, wokhala ndi mpikisano waukulu paulumikizidwe uliwonse.
Mpikisano wamphamvu kwambiri wakulitsa makampani opanga laser ku China mwachangu, ndikupanga "nyalugwe" yemwe saopa otsutsana nawo akunja ndikupititsa patsogolo mwachangu njira yopezera malo. Komabe, wapanganso mkhalidwe wa "moyo ndi imfa" wa "nkhondo zamitengo" yochulukirapo komanso mpikisano wofanana. Makampani opanga laser aku China apeza malo olimba podalira "mizere". Adzachita chiyani mtsogolo?
3. Malangizo awiri: Kukhazikitsa ukadaulo watsopano ndi kufufuza misika yakunja
Podalira luso lamakono, titha kuthetsa vuto loti tigwiritse ntchito ndalama zambiri kuti tisinthe msika ndi mitengo yotsika; podalira kutumiza kunja kwa laser, titha kuthetsa vuto la mpikisano waukulu pamsika wamkati.
Makampani a laser aku China akhala akuvutika kupeza atsogoleri akunja m'mbuyomu. Ponena za kuyang'ana kwambiri pakusintha kwa dziko, kufalikira kulikonse kwakukulu kwa msika kumayendetsedwa ndi makampani akunja, ndipo makampani am'deralo amatsatira mwachangu mkati mwa chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri ndikusinthira zinthu zam'nyumba ndi mapulogalamu akakhwima. Pakadali pano, pakadali pano pali vuto la makampani akunja omwe akutsogolera pakuyika mapulogalamu m'mafakitale omwe akutukuka kumene, pomwe zinthu zam'nyumba zikupitilizabe kulimbikitsa kusintha.
"Kusintha" sikuyenera kuima pakufuna "kusintha". Pakadali pano pamene makampani opanga laser aku China ali pamavuto akusintha, kusiyana pakati pa ukadaulo wofunikira wa laser wa opanga m'dziko muno ndi mayiko akunja kukuchepa pang'onopang'ono. Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo watsopano mwachangu ndikuyesetsa kupitirira pang'onopang'ono, kuti tichotse "kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yabwino pamtengo wofanana ndi tsogolo la voliyumu."
Ponseponse, kapangidwe ka ukadaulo watsopano kamafuna kudziwa njira yotsatira yotulutsira magetsi. Kukonza laser kwadutsa mu nthawi yodula yomwe ikulamulidwa ndi kudula zitsulo ndi nthawi yowotcherera yomwe ikuyendetsedwa ndi kukula kwa mphamvu zatsopano. Nthawi yotsatira yamakampani ikhoza kusintha kupita ku minda yokonza zinthu zazing'ono monga ma pan-semiconductors, ndipo ma laser ndi zida za laser zofanana zidzatulutsa kufunikira kwakukulu. "Malo ofanana" amakampaniwa adzasinthanso kuchoka pa "mpikisano wa 10,000-watt" woyambirira wa ma laser amphamvu kwambiri kupita ku "mpikisano wothamanga kwambiri" wa ma laser afupi kwambiri.
Poyang'ana makamaka madera ogawanika, tikhoza kuyang'ana kwambiri pa kupita patsogolo kwa madera atsopano ogwiritsira ntchito kuyambira "0 mpaka 1" panthawi yaukadaulo watsopano. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa maselo a perovskite omwe amalowa m'malo mwake kukuyembekezeka kufika pa 31% pambuyo pa 2025. Komabe, zida zoyambirira za laser sizingakwaniritse zofunikira pakukonza molondola kwa maselo a perovskite. Makampani a laser ayenera kuyika zida zatsopano za laser pasadakhale kuti akwaniritse kulamulira kodziyimira pawokha kwa ukadaulo waukulu. , kukonza phindu lonse la zida ndikugwira msika wamtsogolo mwachangu. Kuphatikiza apo, zochitika zodalirika zogwiritsira ntchito monga kusungira mphamvu, chisamaliro chamankhwala, mafakitale owonetsera ndi ma semiconductor (kukweza laser, kupopera laser, kusamutsa zinthu zambiri), "kupanga AI + laser", ndi zina zotero ziyeneranso kuyang'aniridwa.
Ndi chitukuko chopitilira cha ukadaulo wa laser wapakhomo ndi zinthu zake, laser ikuyembekezeka kukhala khadi la bizinesi kwa mabizinesi aku China kupita kunja. 2023 ndi "chaka choyamba" kuti ma laser apite kunja. Poyang'anizana ndi misika yayikulu yakunja yomwe ikufunika kufalikira mwachangu, zida za laser zidzatsatira opanga mapulogalamu apamtunda kupita kunja, makamaka makampani "otsogola" a lithiamu ku China komanso makampani opanga magalimoto atsopano amphamvu, omwe adzapereka mwayi wotumiza zida za laser kunja. Nyanja imabweretsa mwayi wakale.
Pakadali pano, kupita kunja kwa dziko kwakhala mgwirizano wamakampani, ndipo makampani ofunikira ayamba kuchitapo kanthu kuti awonjezere mwachangu kapangidwe kake ka mayiko akunja. Chaka chatha, Han's Laser idalengeza kuti ikukonzekera kuyika ndalama zokwana US $ 60 miliyoni kuti ikhazikitse kampani yothandizira ya "Green Energy Industry Development Co., Ltd." ku United States kuti ifufuze msika waku US; Lianying yakhazikitsa kampani yothandizira ku Germany kuti ifufuze msika waku Europe ndipo pakadali pano yagwirizana ndi mafakitale angapo a mabatire aku Europe. Tidzachita kusinthana kwaukadaulo ndi OEMs; Haimixing idzayang'ananso kufufuza misika yakunja kudzera mu mapulojekiti okulitsa mafakitale a mabatire akunyumba ndi akunja komanso opanga magalimoto.
Ubwino wa mtengo ndi "khadi la lipenga" kwa makampani aku China omwe amagwiritsa ntchito laser kupita kunja. Zipangizo za laser zapakhomo zili ndi ubwino woonekeratu pamitengo. Pambuyo pa kufalikira kwa ma laser ndi zigawo zazikulu, mtengo wa zida za laser watsika kwambiri, ndipo mpikisano waukulu wapangitsanso kuti mitengo itsike. Asia-Pacific ndi Europe zakhala malo ofunikira kwambiri otumizira laser kunja. Atapita kunja, opanga akumaloko adzatha kumaliza malonda pamitengo yokwera kuposa mitengo yakomweko, zomwe zikuwonjezera phindu kwambiri.
Komabe, chiwerengero cha zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja kwa dziko la China zomwe zimachokera ku laser m'makampani ake akadali otsika, ndipo kupita kunja kudzakumana ndi mavuto monga kusakwanira kwa mtundu wa kampani komanso kufooka kwa ntchito zogwirira ntchito m'dziko lina. Ikadali njira yayitali komanso yovuta yoti "tipite patsogolo" kwenikweni.
Mbiri ya chitukuko cha laser ku China ndi mbiri ya nkhondo yankhanza yozikidwa pa lamulo la nkhalango.
M'zaka khumi zapitazi, makampani opanga laser akumana ndi ubatizo wa "mpikisano wa ma watt 10,000" ndi "nkhondo zamitengo" ndipo apanga "malo otsogola" omwe angapikisane ndi mitundu yakunja pamsika wamkati. Zaka khumi zikubwerazi zidzakhala nthawi yofunika kwambiri kuti opanga laser apakhomo asinthe kuchoka pa "msika wotuluka magazi" kupita ku zatsopano zaukadaulo, komanso kuchoka pakusintha kwamkati kupita ku msika wapadziko lonse. Pokhapokha poyenda bwino mumsewu uwu ndi pomwe makampani opanga laser aku China angazindikire kusintha kwawo kuchoka pa "kutsatira ndi kuthamanga limodzi" kupita ku "Kutsogola".
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-23-2023
