1. Chidule cha makampani a laser
(1) Chiyambi cha Laser
Laser (Kukulitsa Kuwala ndi Kutulutsa Kwamphamvu kwa Radiation, chidule chake ndi LASER) ndi kuwala kozungulira, kofanana, kogwirizana, kolunjika komwe kumapangidwa ndi kukulitsa kuwala kwa kuwala pafupipafupi kudzera mu resonance yofulumira komanso yowala.
Ukadaulo wa laser unayamba kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1960, ndipo chifukwa cha kusiyana kwake kotheratu ndi kuwala wamba, laser inagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana ndipo inakhudza kwambiri chitukuko ndi kusintha kwa sayansi, ukadaulo, chuma ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu.
Kubadwa kwa laser kwasintha kwambiri mawonekedwe a optics akale, kukulitsa classical optical physics kukhala gawo latsopano laukadaulo wapamwamba lomwe limaphatikizapo optics yakale ndi photonics zamakono, zomwe zathandiza kwambiri pakukula kwa chuma cha anthu ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. Kafukufuku wa physics wa laser wathandizira kuti nthambi ziwiri zazikulu za physics yamakono ya photonic zipite patsogolo: energy photonics ndi information photonics. Ikuphatikizapo nonlinear optics, quantum optics, quantum computing, laser sensing and communication, laser plasma physics, laser chemistry, laser biology, laser medicine, ultra-precise laser spectroscopy and metrology, laser atomic physics kuphatikiza laser cooling ndi Bose-Einstein condensed matter research, laser functional materials, laser manufacturer, laser micro-optoelectronic chip fabrication, laser 3D printing ndi ma international frontier disciplines ndi technology applications opitilira 20. Dipatimenti ya Laser Science and Technology (DSL) yakhazikitsidwa m'magawo otsatirawa.
Mu makampani opanga laser, dziko lapansi lalowa mu nthawi ya "kupanga zinthu zopepuka", malinga ndi ziwerengero za makampani opanga laser apadziko lonse lapansi, 50% ya GDP ya pachaka ya United States1 ikugwirizana ndi kukula kwa msika mwachangu kwa ntchito zapamwamba za laser. Mayiko angapo otukuka, omwe akuimiridwa ndi United States, Germany ndi Japan, amaliza kusintha njira zachikhalidwe ndi kukonza laser m'mafakitale akuluakulu opanga monga magalimoto ndi ndege. Laser popanga mafakitale yawonetsa kuthekera kwakukulu kwa ntchito zotsika mtengo, zapamwamba, zogwira ntchito bwino komanso zapadera zomwe sizingachitike ndi kupanga wamba, ndipo yakhala choyendetsa chofunikira cha mpikisano ndi zatsopano pakati pa mayiko akuluakulu opanga padziko lonse lapansi. Mayiko akuchirikiza ukadaulo wa laser ngati umodzi mwaukadaulo wawo wofunikira kwambiri ndipo apanga mapulani otukula makampani opanga laser mdziko lonse.
(2)LaserChitsime Principle
Laser ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kowala kuti chipange kuwala kooneka kapena kosaoneka, ndi kapangidwe kovuta komanso zotchinga zapamwamba zaukadaulo. Dongosolo la kuwala limapangidwa makamaka ndi gwero la pampu (gwero loyambitsa kukwiya), gawo logwira ntchito (mankhwala ogwirira ntchito) ndi malo ozungulira ndi zida zina za kuwala. Gain medium ndiye gwero la kupanga photon, ndipo poyamwa mphamvu yopangidwa ndi gwero la pampu, gain medium imadumpha kuchokera ku dziko lapansi kupita ku mkhalidwe wosangalala. Popeza mkhalidwe wosangalatsa ndi wosakhazikika, panthawiyi, gain medium imatulutsa mphamvu kuti ibwerere ku mkhalidwe wokhazikika wa dziko lapansi. Mu njira iyi yotulutsira mphamvu, gawo logwira ntchito limapanga ma photon, ndipo ma photon awa ali ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu mu mphamvu, kutalika kwa mtunda ndi njira, amawonetsedwa nthawi zonse mu gawo lozungulira la optical resonant, kuyenda kobwerezabwereza, kuti azikulitsa nthawi zonse, ndikutulutsa laser kudzera mu reflector kuti apange kuwala kwa laser. Monga dongosolo lozungulira la zida zozungulira, magwiridwe antchito a laser nthawi zambiri amatsimikiza mwachindunji mtundu ndi mphamvu ya kuwala kotuluka kwa zida za laser, ndiye gawo lofunikira la zida zozungulira za laser.
Gwero la pampu (gwero loyambitsa) limapereka mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu ku gain medium. Gain medium imasangalala kupanga ma photon kuti ipange ndikukulitsa laser. Resonant cavity ndi malo omwe mawonekedwe a photon (mafupipafupi, gawo ndi komwe ntchito ikuyendera) amayendetsedwa kuti apeze kuwala kwabwino kwambiri powongolera kugwedezeka kwa photon m'chibowo. Gwero la pampu (gwero loyambitsa) limapereka mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu ku gain medium. Gain medium imasangalala kupanga ma photon kuti ipange ndikukulitsa laser. Resonant cavity ndi malo omwe mawonekedwe a photon (mafupipafupi, gawo ndi komwe ntchito ikuyendera) amasinthidwa kuti apeze kuwala kwabwino kwambiri powongolera kugwedezeka kwa photon m'chibowo.
(3)Kugawa kwa Gwero la Laser
Gwero la laser likhoza kugawidwa m'magulu malinga ndi njira yopezera mphamvu, kutalika kwa nthawi yotulutsa, njira yogwirira ntchito, ndi njira yopopera, motere:
① Kugawa m'magulu malinga ndi njira yopezera phindu
Malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zopezera mphamvu, ma laser amatha kugawidwa m'magulu olimba (kuphatikiza olimba, semiconductor, fiber, hybrid), ma laser amadzimadzi, ma laser a gasi, ndi zina zotero.
| LaserChitsimeMtundu | Gain Media | Zinthu Zazikulu |
| Gwero la Laser Lolimba | Zolimba, Ma Semiconductor, Fiber Optics, Hybrid | Kukhazikika kwabwino, mphamvu zambiri, mtengo wotsika wokonzanso, woyenera mafakitale |
| Gwero la Laser la Madzi | Zakumwa zamadzimadzi | Kusankha kwa kutalika kwa mafunde kumagwira ntchito, koma kukula kwakukulu komanso mtengo wokwera wokonza |
| Gwero la Laser la Gasi | Mpweya | Gwero la kuwala kwa laser lapamwamba kwambiri, koma kukula kwake kwakukulu komanso ndalama zambiri zokonzera |
| Gwero la Laser la Electron laulere | Mtambo wa electron mu mphamvu inayake ya maginito | Mphamvu yapamwamba kwambiri komanso kutulutsa kwa laser kwapamwamba kwambiri kumatha kuchitika, koma ukadaulo wopanga ndi ndalama zopangira ndizokwera kwambiri. |
Chifukwa cha kukhazikika bwino, mphamvu zambiri komanso ndalama zochepa zosamalira, kugwiritsa ntchito ma laser olimba kumapindulitsa kwambiri.
Pakati pa ma laser olimba, ma laser a semiconductor ali ndi ubwino wochita bwino kwambiri, kukula kochepa, moyo wautali, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, ndi zina zotero. Kumbali imodzi, amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji ngati gwero lalikulu la kuwala ndi chithandizo cha kukonza ma laser, zachipatala, kulankhulana, kuzindikira, kuwonetsa, kuyang'anira ndi kuteteza, ndipo akhala maziko ofunikira pakukula kwa ukadaulo wamakono wa laser womwe uli ndi kufunika kopanga zinthu mwanzeru.
Kumbali inayi, ma laser a semiconductor angagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati gwero lalikulu la kuwala kwa ma laser ena monga ma laser olimba ndi ma fiber laser, zomwe zikulimbikitsa kwambiri kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kwa gawo lonse la laser. Mayiko onse akuluakulu otukuka padziko lonse lapansi aphatikiza izi mu mapulani awo a chitukuko cha dziko, kupereka chithandizo champhamvu ndikupeza chitukuko chachangu.
② Malinga ndi njira yopopera
Ma laser amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: ma laser opompedwa ndi magetsi, opompedwa ndi kuwala, opompedwa ndi mankhwala, ndi zina zotero malinga ndi njira yopompera.
Ma laser opompedwa ndi magetsi amatanthauza ma laser omwe amasunthidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, ma laser amagetsi nthawi zambiri amasunthidwa ndi kutulutsa kwa mpweya, pomwe ma laser a semiconductor nthawi zambiri amasunthidwa ndi jekeseni yamagetsi.
Pafupifupi ma laser onse olimba ndi ma laser amadzimadzi ndi ma laser opangidwa ndi optical pump, ndipo ma laser a semiconductor amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero lalikulu la kupopera kwa ma laser opangidwa ndi optical pump.
Ma laser opopedwa ndi mankhwala amatanthauza ma laser omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yotulutsidwa kuchokera ku zochita za mankhwala kuti asangalatse zinthu zogwirira ntchito.
③Kugawa magulu malinga ndi momwe ntchito ikuyendera
Ma lasers amatha kugawidwa m'ma lasers osalekeza ndi ma lasers oyendetsedwa ndi mpweya malinga ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito.
Ma laser osalekeza amakhala ndi kugawa kokhazikika kwa chiwerengero cha tinthu tating'onoting'ono pamlingo uliwonse wa mphamvu ndi gawo la ma radiation m'kati mwa dzenje, ndipo ntchito yawo imadziwika ndi kusonkhezera kwa zinthu zogwirira ntchito ndi kutulutsa kwa laser kofanana mosalekeza kwa nthawi yayitali. Ma laser osalekeza amatha kutulutsa kuwala kwa laser mosalekeza kwa nthawi yayitali, koma mphamvu ya kutentha imawonekera bwino.
Ma laser opunduka amatanthauza nthawi yomwe mphamvu ya laser imasungidwa pamtengo winawake, ndi kutulutsa kuwala kwa laser mwanjira yosapitirira, ndi makhalidwe akuluakulu a kutentha pang'ono komanso kulamulira bwino.
④ Kugawa ndi kutalika kwa nthawi yotuluka
Ma laser amatha kugawidwa malinga ndi kutalika kwa mafunde monga ma infrared lasers, ma lasers owoneka, ma lasers a ultraviolet, ma lasers a deep ultraviolet, ndi zina zotero. Kuchuluka kwa mafunde a kuwala komwe kumatha kuyamwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi kosiyana, kotero ma lasers a mafunde osiyanasiyana amafunika kuti zinthu zosiyanasiyana zigwiritsidwe ntchito bwino kapena kuti zinthu zosiyanasiyana zigwiritsidwe ntchito.Ma laser a infrared ndi ma laser a UV ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Ma laser a infrared amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu "kukonza kutentha", komwe zinthu zomwe zili pamwamba pa chinthucho zimatenthedwa ndikusinthidwa kukhala nthunzi (kutenthedwa) kuti zichotse zinthuzo; mu kukonza zinthu zopanda zitsulo zopangidwa ndi filimu yopyapyala, kudula kwa wafer wa semiconductor, kudula magalasi achilengedwe, kubowola, kulemba ndi zina, mphamvu zambiri. Mu gawo la kukonza zinthu zopanda zitsulo zopangidwa ndi filimu yopyapyala, kudula kwa wafer wa semiconductor, kudula magalasi achilengedwe, kubowola, kulemba, ndi zina zotero, ma photon a UV amphamvu kwambiri amaswa mwachindunji ma molecular bond pamwamba pa zinthu zopanda zitsulo, kuti mamolekyu amatha kulekanitsidwa ndi chinthucho, ndipo njira iyi sipanga kutentha kwambiri, kotero nthawi zambiri imatchedwa "kukonza kozizira".
Chifukwa cha mphamvu zambiri za ma photon a UV, n'zovuta kupanga laser inayake ya UV yopitilira mphamvu zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito gwero lakunja lokopa, kotero laser ya UV nthawi zambiri imapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosinthira ma crystal material nonlinear effect frequency, kotero gawo la mafakitale lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri la ma laser a UV makamaka ndi ma laser a UV olimba.
(4) Unyolo wa mafakitale
Kumtunda kwa unyolo wa mafakitale ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zopangira semiconductor, zida zapamwamba komanso zowonjezera zina zofananira popanga ma laser cores ndi zida zamagetsi, zomwe ndi maziko a makampani opanga laser ndipo zili ndi malire olowera kwambiri. Pakati pa unyolo wa mafakitale ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma laser chips ndi zida zamagetsi zamagetsi, ma module, zigawo zowunikira, ndi zina zotero monga magwero a mapampu opangira ndi kugulitsa ma laser osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza ma laser a semiconductor mwachindunji, ma laser a carbon dioxide, ma laser olimba, ma fiber laser, ndi zina zotero; makampani otsika kwenikweni amatanthauza madera ogwiritsira ntchito ma laser osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza zida zopangira mafakitale, LIDAR, kulumikizana kwa maso, kukongola kwachipatala ndi mafakitale ena ogwiritsira ntchito.
①Ogulitsa zinthu zakutali
Zipangizo zopangira zinthu zotsogola monga ma chips a laser a semiconductor, zipangizo ndi ma modules makamaka ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana za chip, zipangizo za ulusi ndi zida zopangidwa ndi makina, kuphatikizapo substrates, heat sinks, mankhwala ndi nyumba. Kukonza ma chip kumafuna khalidwe lapamwamba komanso magwiridwe antchito a zipangizo zotsogola, makamaka kuchokera kwa ogulitsa akunja, koma kuchuluka kwa malo kukukwera pang'onopang'ono, ndipo pang'onopang'ono kumapeza ulamuliro wodziyimira pawokha. Kugwira ntchito kwa zipangizo zazikulu zotsogola kumakhudza mwachindunji ubwino wa ma chips a laser a semiconductor, ndi kusintha kosalekeza kwa magwiridwe antchito a zipangizo zosiyanasiyana za chip, kuti kuwonjezere magwiridwe antchito azinthu zamakampani kumachita gawo labwino pakukweza.
②Unyolo wamakampani apakati
Chip ya laser ya semiconductor ndiye gwero lalikulu la kuwala kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma lasers pakati pa unyolo wamakampani, ndipo imagwira ntchito yabwino polimbikitsa chitukuko cha ma lasers apakati. Mu gawo la ma lasers apakati, United States, Germany ndi mabizinesi ena akunja ndi omwe amalamulira, koma pambuyo pa chitukuko chachangu cha makampani a laser akunyumba m'zaka zaposachedwa, msika wapakati wa unyolo wamakampani wapeza kusintha mwachangu kwamkati.
③Unyolo wa mafakitale womwe uli pansi pa mtsinje
Makampani omwe ali pansi ali ndi gawo lalikulu pakukweza chitukuko cha makampani, kotero chitukuko cha makampani omwe ali pansi chidzakhudza mwachindunji msika wa makampaniwa. Kukula kosalekeza kwa chuma cha China komanso kubuka kwa mwayi wosintha zachuma kwapanga mikhalidwe yabwino yopititsira patsogolo makampaniwa. China ikuchoka kudziko lopanga zinthu kupita kudziko lopanga zinthu, ndipo ma laser ndi zida za laser zomwe zili pansi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakukweza makampani opanga zinthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makampaniwa akhale ndi malo abwino oti apitirire patsogolo kwa nthawi yayitali. Zofunikira za makampani omwe ali pansi pa makampaniwa pa mndandanda wa magwiridwe antchito a ma semiconductor laser chips ndi zida zawo zikuchulukirachulukira, ndipo mabizinesi akunyumba akulowa pang'onopang'ono pamsika wa laser wamphamvu kwambiri kuchokera kumsika wa laser wamphamvu wotsika, kotero makampaniwa ayenera kupititsa patsogolo ndalama zomwe amaika m'munda wa kafukufuku waukadaulo ndi chitukuko komanso luso lodziyimira pawokha.
2. mkhalidwe wa chitukuko cha makampani a laser ya semiconductor
Ma laser a semiconductor ali ndi mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yosinthira mphamvu pakati pa mitundu yonse ya ma laser, kumbali imodzi, angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati gwero lalikulu la pampu ya ma laser a fiber optical, ma laser olimba ndi ma laser ena a optical pump. Kumbali ina, ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa ukadaulo wa semiconductor laser pankhani ya mphamvu yogwira ntchito, kuwala, moyo wonse, kutalika kwa mafunde ambiri, kuchuluka kwa modulation, ndi zina zotero, ma laser a semiconductor amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokonza zinthu, zachipatala, kulumikizana kwa kuwala, kuzindikira kuwala, chitetezo, ndi zina zotero. Malinga ndi Laser Focus World, ndalama zonse za ma diode laser padziko lonse lapansi, mwachitsanzo, ma laser a semiconductor ndi ma laser osakhala a diode, zikuyerekezeredwa kuti ndi $18,480 miliyoni mu 2021, ndipo ma laser a semiconductor amapanga 43% ya ndalama zonse zomwe amapeza.
Malinga ndi Laser Focus World, msika wapadziko lonse wa laser wa semiconductor udzakhala $6,724 miliyoni mu 2020, kukwera ndi 14.20% kuchokera chaka chatha. Ndi chitukuko cha nzeru zapadziko lonse lapansi, kufunikira kwakukulu kwa lasers mu zida zanzeru, zamagetsi zamagetsi, mphamvu zatsopano ndi madera ena, komanso kupitilira kukula kwa zida zamankhwala, zokongoletsa ndi ntchito zina zomwe zikubwera, ma laser a semiconductor angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati gwero la mapampu a ma laser a optical pump, ndipo kukula kwa msika wake kudzapitilizabe kukhalabe ndi kukula kokhazikika. Kukula kwa msika wa laser wa semiconductor wa 2021 wa $7.946 biliyoni, kuchuluka kwa msika wa 18.18%.
Kudzera mu khama logwirizana la akatswiri aukadaulo, mabizinesi ndi akatswiri, makampani opanga ma laser a semiconductor ku China apeza chitukuko chapadera, kotero kuti makampani opanga ma laser a semiconductor ku China akumana ndi izi kuyambira pachiyambi, komanso chiyambi cha chitsanzo cha makampani opanga ma laser a semiconductor ku China. M'zaka zaposachedwa, China yawonjezera chitukuko cha makampani opanga ma laser, ndipo madera osiyanasiyana adzipereka pa kafukufuku wasayansi, kukulitsa ukadaulo, chitukuko cha msika ndi kumanga mapaki a mafakitale a laser motsogozedwa ndi boma komanso mgwirizano wa makampani opanga ma laser.
3. Kukula kwamtsogolo kwa makampani opanga laser ku China
Poyerekeza ndi mayiko otukuka ku Europe ndi United States, ukadaulo wa laser waku China sunachedwe, koma pakugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa laser ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri pakadali kusiyana kwakukulu, makamaka chipangizo cha laser cha semiconductor chapamwamba ndi zigawo zina zazikulu zimadalirabe zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja.
Mayiko otukuka omwe akuimiridwa ndi United States, Germany ndi Japan amaliza kusintha ukadaulo wachikhalidwe wopanga zinthu m'magawo ena akuluakulu a mafakitale ndipo alowa munthawi ya "kupanga zinthu zopepuka"; ngakhale kuti chitukuko cha kugwiritsa ntchito laser ku China chikufulumira, koma kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kudakali kochepa. Monga ukadaulo waukulu wokonzanso mafakitale, makampani opanga laser apitiliza kukhala gawo lofunikira lothandizira dziko lonse, ndikupitiliza kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa ntchito, ndikukweza makampani opanga zinthu ku China kukhala nthawi ya "kupanga zinthu zopepuka". Kuchokera pakukula kwamakono, chitukuko cha makampani opanga laser ku China chikuwonetsa izi.
(1) Chip ya laser ya semiconductor ndi zigawo zina zazikulu zimazindikira pang'onopang'ono malo ake
Mwachitsanzo, laser ya fiber yamphamvu kwambiri ndiye malo ogwiritsira ntchito kwambiri a semiconductor laser, ndipo chipangizo cha laser cha semiconductor champhamvu kwambiri ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la fiber laser. M'zaka zaposachedwa, makampani opanga laser ya fiber fiber ku China akukula mofulumira, ndipo kuchuluka kwa malo kukuwonjezeka chaka ndi chaka.
Ponena za kulowa kwa msika, pamsika wa laser ya fiber yamphamvu yochepa, gawo la msika wa laser yanyumba linafika pa 99.01% mu 2019; pamsika wa laser ya fiber yamphamvu yapakatikati, kuchuluka kwa ma laser anyumba kwasungidwa pa oposa 50% m'zaka zaposachedwa; njira yopezera malo ya laser ya fiber yamphamvu kwambiri ikupita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono, kuyambira 2013 mpaka 2019 kuti ikwaniritse "kuyambira pachiyambi". Njira yopezera malo ya laser ya fiber yamphamvu kwambiri ikupita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono, kuyambira 2013 mpaka 2019, ndipo yafika pamlingo wolowera wa 55.56%, ndipo kuchuluka kwa malo a laser ya fiber yamphamvu kwambiri kukuyembekezeka kukhala 57.58% mu 2020.
Komabe, zigawo zazikulu monga ma chips a laser a semiconductor amphamvu kwambiri zimadalirabe zinthu zochokera kunja, ndipo zigawo zapamwamba za ma laser okhala ndi ma chips a laser a semiconductor monga maziko zikusinthidwa pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimakweza kukula kwa msika wa zigawo zapamwamba za ma laser akunyumba, ndipo kumbali ina, ndi kufalikira kwa zigawo zazikulu, zimatha kukonza luso la opanga ma laser akunyumba kutenga nawo mbali pa mpikisano wapadziko lonse.
(2) Kugwiritsa ntchito laser kumalowa mwachangu komanso mokulirapo
Ndi kufalikira pang'onopang'ono kwa zigawo za optoelectronic za pamwamba komanso kuchepa pang'onopang'ono kwa ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito laser, ma laser adzalowa mozama m'mafakitale ambiri.
Kumbali imodzi, ku China, kukonza laser kumafanananso ndi madera khumi apamwamba kwambiri ogwiritsira ntchito makampani opanga ku China, ndipo akuyembekezeka kuti madera ogwiritsira ntchito laser adzakulitsidwa kwambiri ndipo kukula kwa msika kudzakulitsidwanso mtsogolo. Kumbali ina, chifukwa cha kufalikira kosalekeza ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo monga driverless, advanced assistant driver system, robot-oriented service-oriented, 3D sensing, ndi zina zotero, idzagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo ambiri monga magalimoto, luntha lochita kupanga, zamagetsi ogula, kuzindikira nkhope, kulumikizana kwa maso ndi kafukufuku wa chitetezo cha dziko. Monga chipangizo chachikulu kapena gawo la mapulogalamu a laser omwe ali pamwambapa, laser ya semiconductor idzapezanso malo okukula mwachangu.
(3) Mphamvu yapamwamba, kuwala kwa dzuwa kwabwino, kutalika kwa mtunda waufupi komanso kukula kwa kayendedwe ka ma frequency mwachangu
Mu gawo la ma laser a mafakitale, ma laser a ulusi apita patsogolo kwambiri pankhani ya mphamvu yotulutsa, mtundu wa beam ndi kuwala kuyambira pomwe adayambitsidwa. Komabe, mphamvu yokwera imatha kusintha liwiro la kukonza, kukonza bwino mtundu wa kukonza, ndikukulitsa gawo lokonza mpaka kupanga mafakitale olemera, popanga magalimoto, kupanga ndege, mphamvu, kupanga makina, zitsulo, kumanga mayendedwe a sitima, kafukufuku wasayansi ndi madera ena ogwiritsira ntchito podula, kuwotcherera, kukonza pamwamba, ndi zina zotero, zofunikira za mphamvu ya laser ya ulusi zikupitilirabe kuwonjezeka. Opanga zida zofanana ayenera kupitiliza kukonza magwiridwe antchito a zida zazikulu (monga semiconductor laser chip yamphamvu kwambiri ndi gain fiber), kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu ya laser ya ulusi kumafunanso ukadaulo wapamwamba wa laser monga kuphatikiza beam ndi kupanga mphamvu, zomwe zimabweretsa zofunikira zatsopano ndi zovuta kwa opanga ma chip a laser a semiconductor amphamvu kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ma wavelength afupiafupi, ma wavelength ambiri, chitukuko cha laser chofulumira (ultrafast) ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu ma chip ophatikizidwa a circuit, zowonetsera, zamagetsi zamagetsi, ndege ndi microprocessing ina yolondola, komanso sayansi ya moyo, zamankhwala, zomverera ndi madera ena, sensitzer laser chip ya semiconductor ikuperekanso zofunikira zatsopano.
(4) kufunika kwa zida zamagetsi za laser yamphamvu kwambiri kuti zikule kwambiri
Kukula ndi kutukuka kwa ma laser amphamvu kwambiri ndi zotsatira za kupita patsogolo kwa mgwirizano wa unyolo wamakampani, komwe kumafuna thandizo la zigawo zazikulu za optoelectronic monga gwero la pampu, chosungunula, chosungira beam, ndi zina zotero. Zigawo za optoelectronic zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu laser yamphamvu kwambiri ndiye maziko ndi zigawo zofunika kwambiri pakukula ndi kupanga kwake, ndipo msika wokulirakulira wa laser yamphamvu kwambiri umayendetsanso kufunikira kwa msika wa zigawo zazikulu monga ma chips a laser a semiconductor amphamvu kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, ndi kusintha kosalekeza kwa ukadaulo wa laser yapakhomo, kusintha kwa zinthu zotumizidwa kunja kwakhala chizolowezi chosapeŵeka, gawo la msika wa laser padziko lonse lapansi lipitilizabe kukula, zomwe zimabweretsanso mwayi waukulu wa mphamvu zakomweko za opanga zigawo za optoelectronic.
Nthawi yotumizira: Marichi-07-2023
