1. Zitsanzo za ntchito
1） Bolodi lolumikizira
Mu zaka za m'ma 1960, kampani ya Toyota Motor Company inayamba kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wopanda kanthu wopangidwa mwaluso. Ndi kulumikiza mapepala awiri kapena angapo pamodzi powalumikiza kenako nkuwasindikiza. Mapepalawa amatha kukhala ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana, zipangizo, ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa cha zofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa magalimoto ndi ntchito monga kusunga mphamvu, kuteteza chilengedwe, chitetezo choyendetsa, ndi zina zotero, ukadaulo wowotcherera wa tailor wakoka chidwi chachikulu. Kuwotcherera mbale kungagwiritse ntchito kuwotcherera malo, kuwotcherera kwa flash butt,kuwotcherera ndi laser, kuwotcherera kwa hydrogen arc, ndi zina zotero. Pakadali pano,kuwotcherera ndi laserimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa kafukufuku wakunja ndi kupanga malo opanda zinthu opangidwa mwaluso.
Poyerekeza zotsatira za mayeso ndi kuwerengera, zotsatira zake zikugwirizana bwino, kutsimikizira kulondola kwa chitsanzo cha gwero la kutentha. M'lifupi mwa msoko wa weld pansi pa magawo osiyanasiyana a njira zinawerengedwa ndikukonzedwa pang'onopang'ono. Pomaliza, chiŵerengero cha mphamvu ya beam cha 2:1 chinagwiritsidwa ntchito, mipiringidzo iwiri inakonzedwa motsatizana, mpiringidzo waukulu wa mphamvu unali pakati pa mpiringidzo wa weld, ndipo mpiringidzo waung'ono wa mphamvu unali pa mbale yokhuthala. Zingathe kuchepetsa bwino m'lifupi mwa weld. Mipiringidzo iwiriyi ikatalikirana madigiri 45. Ikakonzedwa, mpiringidzo umagwira ntchito pa mbale yokhuthala ndi mbale yopyapyala motsatana. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa m'lifupi mwa mpiringidzo wotenthetsera, m'lifupi mwa weld umachepanso.
2） Zitsulo za aluminiyamu zosiyana
Kafukufuku wapano akupereka mfundo izi: (1) Pamene chiŵerengero cha mphamvu ya beam chikuwonjezeka, makulidwe a intermetallic compound m'dera lomwelo la weld/aluminium alloy interface amachepa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kugawa kumakhala kokhazikika. Pamene RS=2, makulidwe a interface IMC layer ali pakati pa 5-10 microns. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa free "snake-like" IMC kuli pakati pa 23 microns. Pamene RS=0.67, makulidwe a interface IMC layer ali pansi pa 5 microns, ndipo kutalika kwakukulu kwa free "snake-like" IMC ndi 5.6 microns. Kukula kwa intermetallic compound kumachepa kwambiri.
(2)Pamene laser yozungulira iwiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera, IMC pa weld/aluminum alloy interface imakhala yosasinthasintha. Kukhuthala kwa IMC layer pa weld/aluminum alloy interface pafupi ndi chitsulo/aluminum alloy joint interface kumakhala kokulirapo, ndi makulidwe apamwamba a 23.7 microns. Pamene chiŵerengero cha mphamvu ya beam chikuwonjezeka, pamene RS=1.50, makulidwe a IMC layer pa weld/aluminum alloy interface amakhalabe akulu kuposa makulidwe a intermetallic compound m'dera lomwelo la serial dual beam.
3. Cholumikizira chooneka ngati T cha aluminiyamu-lithium
Ponena za mphamvu za makina a zolumikizirana zolumikizidwa ndi laser za 2A97 aluminiyamu, ofufuza adaphunzira za kuuma pang'ono, mphamvu zomangika, ndi mphamvu zotopa. Zotsatira za mayeso zikuwonetsa kuti: dera la weld la cholumikizira cholumikizidwa ndi laser cha 2A97-T3/T4 aluminiyamu limafewa kwambiri. Coefficient ili pafupifupi 0.6, yomwe imagwirizana kwambiri ndi kusungunuka ndi kuvutika kwa mvula pambuyo pake pakulimbitsa gawo; mphamvu ya coefficient ya cholumikizira cholumikizidwa ndi aluminiyamu cha 2A97-T4 cholumikizidwa ndi IPGYLR-6000 fiber laser imatha kufika 0.8, koma pulasitiki ndi yotsika, pomwe ulusi wa IPGYLS-4000kuwotcherera ndi laserMphamvu ya ma 2A97-T3 aluminiyamu olumikizidwa ndi laser ndi pafupifupi 0.6; zolakwika za m'mabowo ndi zomwe zimayambitsa ming'alu yotopa m'ma 2A97-T3 aluminiyamu olumikizidwa ndi laser.
Mu njira yogwirizana, malinga ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a kristalo, FZ imapangidwa makamaka ndi makristalo a columnar ndi makristalo ofanana. Makristalo a columnar ali ndi mawonekedwe a epitaxial EQZ growth direction, ndipo njira zawo zokulira zimakhala zolunjika ku mzere wosakanikirana. Izi zili choncho chifukwa pamwamba pa tirigu wa EQZ ndi tinthu ta nucleation topangidwa kale, ndipo kutentha komwe kumatuluka mbali iyi ndikothamanga kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, mzere woyamba wa crystallographic wa mzere wosakanikirana wolunjika umakula bwino ndipo mbali zake zimakhala zocheperako. Pamene makristalo a columnar akukula kupita pakati pa weld, mawonekedwe a kapangidwe kake amasintha ndipo ma dendrite a columnar amapangidwa. Pakati pa weld, kutentha kwa dziwe losungunuka kumakhala kwakukulu, kuchuluka kwa kutentha komwe kumatuluka mbali zonse kumakhala kofanana, ndipo tiriguwo umakula mofanana mbali zonse, ndikupanga ma dendrite ofanana. Pamene mzere woyamba wa crystallographic wa ma dendrite ofanana uli ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, tirigu wooneka ngati maluwa ukhoza kuwoneka mu gawo la metallographic. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha kuzizira kwambiri kwa zigawo zapafupi m'dera la weld, mikanda yopyapyala yofanana nthawi zambiri imawonekera m'dera la welded seam la synchronous mode T-shaped joint, ndipo mawonekedwe a tirigu mu equixed fine-grained band ndi osiyana ndi mawonekedwe a tirigu a EQZ. Mawonekedwe omwewo. Chifukwa njira yotenthetsera ya heterogeneous mode TSTB-LW ndi yosiyana ndi ya synchronous mode TSTB-LW, pali kusiyana koonekeratu mu macromorphology ndi microstructure morphology. Heterogeneous mode TSTB-LW T-shaped joint yakumana ndi ma thermal cycles awiri, kusonyeza makhalidwe awiri osungunuka a dziwe. Pali mzere woonekeratu wachiwiri wosakanikirana mkati mwa weld, ndipo dziwe losungunuka lopangidwa ndi thermal conduction welding ndi laling'ono. Mu heterogeneous mode TSTB-LW process, deep penetration weld imakhudzidwa ndi njira yotenthetsera ya thermal conduction welding. Ma dendrite a columnar ndi ma dendrite ofanana omwe ali pafupi ndi mzere wachiwiri wa fusion ali ndi malire ochepa a subgrain ndipo amasintha kukhala ma crystals a columnar kapena ma cell, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti Njira yotenthetsera ya welding ya kutentha imakhudza kutentha kwa welds zolowera kwambiri. Ndipo kukula kwa ma dendrite pakati pa weld yoyendetsa kutentha ndi ma microns 2-5, omwe ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa kukula kwa ma dendrite pakati pa weld yolowera kwambiri (ma microns 5-10). Izi zikugwirizana kwambiri ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa ma welds mbali zonse ziwiri. Kutentha kumakhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa kuzizira komwe kumatsatira.
3) Mfundo yaikulu ya kuwotcherera ufa wa laser wopangidwa ndi mipiringidzo iwiri
4)Mphamvu yayikulu yolumikizirana ndi solder
Mu kuyesa kwa laser powder deposition welding ya double-beam, popeza matabwa awiri a laser amagawidwa mbali zonse ziwiri za waya wa mlatho, kutalika kwa laser ndi substrate ndi kwakukulu kuposa kwa single-beam laser powder deposition welding, ndipo zolumikizira zomwe zimatuluka zimakhala zolunjika ku waya wa mlatho. Njira ya waya ndi yayitali. Chithunzi 3.6 chikuwonetsa zolumikizira za solder zomwe zimapezeka ndi single-beam ndi double-beam laser powder deposition welding. Panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito welding, kaya ndi double-beamkuwotcherera ndi lasernjira kapena mtanda umodzikuwotcherera ndi laserNjira ina, dziwe linalake losungunuka limapangidwa pa maziko a zinthu kudzera mu kutentha kopitilira muyeso. Mwanjira imeneyi, chitsulo chosungunuka chomwe chili mu dziwe losungunuka chingapangitse mgwirizano wachitsulo ndi ufa wosungunuka wodzisuntha, motero chimapangitsa kuwotcherera. Pogwiritsa ntchito laser yokhala ndi mipiringidzo iwiri powotcherera, kuyanjana pakati pa mtanda wa laser ndi zinthu zoyambira ndi kuyanjana pakati pa madera ogwirira ntchito a mipiringidzo iwiri ya laser, ndiko kuti, kuyanjana pakati pa maiwe awiri osungunuka opangidwa ndi laser pa zinthuzo. Mwanjira imeneyi, kusakanikirana kwatsopano komwe kumachitika. Malowa ndi akulu kuposa a mtanda umodzi.kuwotcherera ndi laser, kotero zolumikizira zogulitsidwa zomwe zimapezeka ndi double-beamkuwotcherera ndi laserndi amphamvu kuposa mtanda umodzikuwotcherera ndi laser.
2. Kutha kugulitsidwa kwambiri komanso kubwerezabwereza
Mu mtanda umodzikuwotcherera ndi laserkuyesa, popeza pakati pa malo olunjika a laser pamagwira ntchito mwachindunji pa waya wa micro-bridge, waya wa mlatho uli ndi zofunikira kwambiri pakuwotcherera ndi lasermagawo a njira, monga kugawa mphamvu ya laser yosagwirizana komanso makulidwe a ufa wa alloy osafanana. Izi zipangitsa kuti waya usweke panthawi yowotcherera ndipo zimapangitsa kuti waya wa mlatho uume. Mu njira yowotcherera ya laser yokhala ndi mipiringidzo iwiri, popeza malo olunjika a mipiringidzo iwiri ya laser sagwira ntchito mwachindunji pa mawaya ang'onoang'ono, zofunikira zolimba za magawo a njira yowotcherera ya laser ya mawaya a mlatho zimachepa, ndipo kuwotcherera ndi kubwerezabwereza kumawonjezeka kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-17-2023
