1.1 Kuwotcherera kwa Laser Kuli Pakati pa Makampani, ndi Chiyembekezo Chabwino cha Kukula kuposa Kudula ndi Kulemba Zizindikiro
Zipangizo zowotcherera za laserIli pakati pa unyolo wa mafakitale. Kumtunda kwa unyolo wa makampani opanga laser kumaphatikizapo zipangizo zowunikira, zida zowunikira ndi zida, zida zamakanika, ndi zina zotero. Pakati pa unyolowu muli ma laser ndi zida za laser. Ma laser ndi zigawo zazikulu za zida za laser, ndipo zida zogwiritsira ntchito laser zimaphatikizapo kudula kwa laser, kuwotcherera kwa laser, ndi zida zolembera laser. Malo otsika a unyolowu makamaka amaphatikizapo mabatire a lithiamu, ma semiconductor, ma photovoltaics, zamagetsi zamagetsi, ndi zina zotero.
Msika wa laser uli ndi kuthekera kwakukulu, ndi ma fiber laser ogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, pomwe ma solid-state laser ndi oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ma micro-machining abwino. Malinga ndi ziwerengero za Laser Focus World, kukula kwa msika wa laser padziko lonse lapansi kunakwera kuchoka pa $13.07 biliyoni mu 2017 kufika pa $16.01 biliyoni mu 2020, ndi CAGR ya 13.37%. Poyerekeza, msika wa laser ku China unakula kuchoka pa $6.95 biliyoni mu 2017 kufika pa $10.91 biliyoni mu 2020, ndi CAGR ya 16.22%. Kuyambira 2017 mpaka 2020, gawo la China pamsika wa laser padziko lonse lapansi linakwera kuchoka pa 53.2% kufika pa 68.1%. Mu 2020, ma industrial lasers anali 32.2% ya msika wa laser wapadziko lonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti gawo la mafakitale likhale lofunika kwambiri. Pogawidwa ndi gain medium, ma lasers makamaka amaphatikizapo ma fiber lasers, ma solid-state lasers (kupatula ma fiber lasers), ma liquid lasers, ndi ma gas lasers. Mu 2020, ma fiber laser ndi ma solid-state lasers adapanga 52.7% ndi 16.7% yantchito za laser zamafakitale, motsatana, ndi ma laser a ulusi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale. Poyerekeza ndi ma laser a ulusi, ma laser a solid-state ali ndi zabwino monga mphamvu yayikulu komanso madera ang'onoang'ono omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito makina ang'onoang'ono.
Ma laser a YAG ndi ma laser a fiber ali ndi mphamvu zawo. Ma laser a YAG ndi ma laser olimba okhala ndi matrix a kristalo a YAG. Ubwino wawo ndi monga: ① kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito nthawi imodzi kapena kugawana nthawi; ② mphamvu yayikulu, yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito malo olumikizira magetsi; ③ mtengo wotsika, wopereka phindu la mtengo, ndi zina zotero. Poyerekeza ndi ma laser a fiber, ma laser a YAG ali ndi mipata ina pamtundu wa beam komanso mphamvu yosinthira kuwala kwa dzuwa. Komabe, chifukwa cha mphamvu yochepa ya ma laser a fiber, alibe ubwino waukulu kuposa ma laser a YAG pakulumikiza magetsi. Kutengera ndi zochitika zinazake, ma laser a YAG ndi fiber angagwiritsidwe ntchito pakulumikiza magetsi a batri yamagetsi.
Kudula, kuwotcherera, ndi kulemba chizindikiro ndi ntchito zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma laser a mafakitale. Mu 2020, kudula, kuwotcherera, ndi kulemba chizindikiro kunali 40.62%, 13.52%, ndi 12.6% ya msika wogwiritsa ntchito laser, motsatana. Pambuyo pakukula mwachangu kuyambira 2014 mpaka 2017, zida zodulira laser tsopano zikukumana ndi mpikisano waukulu wamitengo chifukwa cha mpikisano womwe ukuwonjezeka. Kulemba chizindikiro ndi pulogalamu ya laser yokhwima yokhala ndi msika wokhazikika. Kupindula ndi kukwera kwakuwotcherera kwa laser kwa m'manjakomanso chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mabatire amphamvu omwe ali pansi pa madzi, kugwiritsa ntchito ma welding kukuyembekezeka kupitiriza kukula kwambiri m'zaka zingapo zikubwerazi.
Poyerekeza ndi kudula ndi kulemba, kuwotcherera kwa laser kuli ndi zofunikira zaukadaulo zapamwamba. Kuwotcherera kwa laser kuli ndi mbiri yayifupi yopangira zinthu kuposa kudula ndi kulemba kwa laser, ndipo zovuta zake pakuchita zinthu ndi zazikulu. Kudula ndi kulemba kwa laser kumagwiritsa ntchito ma laser kuwononga pamwamba kapena kapangidwe ka zinthu zonse, pomwe kuwotcherera kwa laser kumagwiritsa ntchito ma laser kusungunula ndi kupanganso kapangidwe ka zinthu. Kukonzanso zinthu, poyerekeza ndi kuwonongeka kosavuta kwa kapangidwe, kumafuna miyezo yapamwamba ya ma laser ndi njira zokonzera.
Poyerekeza ndi kuwotcherera kwachikhalidwe, kuwotcherera kwa laser kuli ndi ubwino waukulu. Poyerekeza ndi kuwotcherera kwachikhalidwe kolimba, kuwotcherera kwa arc, ndi kuwotcherera kwa ma electron beam, kuwotcherera kwa laser kumapereka zabwino monga kuthamanga kwambiri, kusintha pang'ono, zosowa zochepa zachilengedwe, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, chitetezo ku mphamvu zamaginito, kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosayendetsa magetsi, kusakhala ndi chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito vacuum, komanso kusapanga X-ray panthawi yowotcherera. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zinthu zolondola kwambiri, makamaka m'magalimoto atsopano amphamvu ndi mafakitale a mabatire amphamvu. Mabatire amphamvu amakhala ndi malo ambiri owotcherera omwe ali ndi zovuta zambiri komanso zofunikira molondola. Ubwino wapadera wa kuwotcherera kwa laser ukhoza kusintha kwambiri chitetezo cha batri, kudalirika, kusasinthasintha, kuchepetsa ndalama, ndikuwonjezera moyo wautumiki.
Msika wa zida zowotcherera za laser ukukula mofulumira. Kuyambira mu 2016 mpaka 2020, msika wa zida zowotcherera za laser ku China unakula kuchoka pa 38.2 biliyoni ya yuan kufika pa 69.2 biliyoni ya yuan, ndi CAGR ya 15.79%. Poyerekeza, msika wa zida zowotcherera za laser ku China unakula kuchoka pa 4.17 biliyoni ya yuan kufika pa 11.05 biliyoni ya yuan, ndi CAGR ya 27.59%, kuposa kukula konse kwa zida zowotcherera za laser.
II. Makhalidwe a Makina Owotcherera a Laser
- Kulondola Kwambiri: Kuwala kwa laser kuli ndi malo ochepa kwambiri, zomwe zimathandizakuwotcherera kolondola kwambiriNdi yabwino kwambiri pazinthu zomwe zimafuna kulumikiza molondola kwambiri, monga zida zamagetsi ndi zida zamankhwala.
- Liwiro Lalikulu: Kuwotcherera kwa laser kumachitika mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yopangira ikhale yogwira mtima kwambiri. Poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe zowotcherera, kumatha kumaliza ntchito zambiri zowotcherera munthawi yochepa.
- Malo Ang'onoang'ono Okhudzidwa ndi Kutentha: Kuwotcherera kwa laser kumachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa kutentha kwa zinthu chifukwa cha malo ake ang'onoang'ono okhudzidwa ndi kutentha. Izi zikutanthauza kusintha kochepa kwa zinthu pambuyo powotcherera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makina azigwira bwino ntchito komanso mawonekedwe ake azikhala abwino.
- Kusinthasintha Kwamphamvu: Makina owotcherera a laser amatha kuwotcherera zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zitsulo, pulasitiki, ndi zoumba. Pa kuwotcherera zinthu zosiyanasiyana, magawo a laser okha ndi omwe ayenera kusinthidwa.
- Makina Odzipangira Okha Kwambiri: Makina olumikizira laser amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi zida zodzipangira okha kuti apange zinthu zokha, zomwe sizimangowonjezera magwiridwe antchito komanso zimachepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito komanso mphamvu.
3.1 Magawo Ogwiritsira Ntchito Kuwotcherera kwa Laser
Ukadaulo wowotcherera wa laser umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha kulondola kwake, liwiro lake, komanso kusinthasintha kwake. Nazi njira zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Makampani Ogulitsa Magalimoto: Kuwotcherera kwa laser kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga magalimoto, makamaka popanga thupi. Ziwerengero zikusonyeza kuti opanga magalimoto opitilira 80% padziko lonse lapansi amagwiritsa ntchito kuwotcherera kwa laser pakuwotcherera kapangidwe ka thupi kuti awonjezere kulimba komanso kupepuka. Kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zida za injini, makina otulutsa utsi, ndi makina a airbag.
- Ndege: Mu ndege, kuwotcherera pogwiritsa ntchito laser kumayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake kopereka maulumikizidwe amphamvu kwambiri. Kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma fuselage a ndege, mapangidwe a mapiko, ndi zida zamlengalenga kuti zitsimikizire kuti kapangidwe kake ndi kopepuka. Malipoti akusonyeza kuti kuwotcherera pogwiritsa ntchito laser kumatha kuchepetsa kulemera kwa ndege ndi 20% pomwe kumasunga ndalama.
- Zipangizo Zachipatala: Kuwotcherera kwa laser kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popanga zipangizo zachipatala, makamaka pazigawo zolondola zopangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi titaniyamu. Kumathandiza kuwotcherera popanda kuipitsa, komanso molondola kwambiri, kukwaniritsa ukhondo wokhwima komanso zofunikira zolondola pa zipangizo zachipatala.
- Makampani Amagetsi: Mu zamagetsi, kuwotcherera kwa laser kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poyika ma circuits ophatikizidwa, zida za semiconductor, ndi zida zamagetsi. Malo ake ang'onoang'ono omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha amachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa kutentha kwa zida zamagetsi zomwe zimakhala zovuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri pomanga magetsi amagetsi okhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu.
- Zipangizo Zolondola: Pakupanga zida zolondola, kuwotcherera kwa laser kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mawotchi, zodzikongoletsera, ndi zinthu zina zapamwamba chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake kopeza kulondola kwambiri,kuwotcherera kwapamwamba kwambiriZimathandiza kuti zinthuzi zizioneka bwino komanso kuti zikhale zokhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-12-2025
