Kufotokozera Sayansi | Kuwala Kokha Koyera! Makina Otsukira ndi Laser

Ukadaulo woyeretsa pogwiritsa ntchito laser umaphatikizapo kuyatsa malo ogwirira ntchito ndi kuwala kwa laser komwe kumawononga mphamvu zambiri kuti kuchotse nthawi yomweyo zinthu zodetsa, mawanga a dzimbiri, kapena zokutira, potero kuchotsa bwino malo osungira pamwamba ndikupeza zotsatira zabwino zokonza. Chotsukira pogwiritsa ntchito laser ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa laser kuchotsa zinthu zodetsa pamwamba; chimatulutsa kuwala kwa laser komwe kumawononga mphamvu zambiri kuti zinthu zodetsa zituluke kapena zituluke nthunzi.

Mbiri Yaukadaulo

Njira zoyeretsera zachikhalidwe zimaphatikizapo kuyeretsa kwa makina, kuyeretsa mankhwala, ndi kuyeretsa kwa ultrasound, zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi zoletsa zazikulu pakuteteza chilengedwe komanso zofunikira kwambiri. M'zaka za m'ma 1980, ofufuza adapeza kuti kuyang'ana kuwala kwa laser yamphamvu kwambiri pamalo oipitsidwa a chinthu kumayambitsa njira zingapo zovuta za physicochemical - kuphatikizapo kugwedezeka, kusungunuka, kuuluka, ndi kuyaka - zomwe zimachotsa bwino zinthu zodetsa pamwamba; njira iyi imadziwika kutikuyeretsa ndi laser.

Poyerekeza ndi njira zoyeretsera zachikhalidwe, makina oyeretsera a laser amapereka zabwino zambiri: kugwira ntchito popanda kukhudza, kuyeretsa kolondola, kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, kukonza mwachangu, chitetezo, komanso kusamala chilengedwe. Ndi oyenera kwambiri kuyeretsa zinthu zovuta kapena zofewa popanda kuwononga, kuchepetsa kwambiri nthawi yoyeretsera ndikuwonjezera phindu; Kuphatikiza apo, sapanga zinyalala, motero amachepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito.

mfundo yogwirira ntchito

Thelaser yozunguliraimapanga ma pulse amphamvu apakati mpaka apamwamba, omwe amatumizidwa kudzera mu ulusi wowala kupita ku gawo lopangira mawonekedwe. Ma pulse awa amawonetsedwa ndi galvanometer yowunikira ya single-axis kapena dual-axis ndikulunjika pa gawo loipitsidwa pamwamba pa workpiece, ndikuyeretsa bwino malo osungidwa monga dzimbiri, utoto, madontho a mafuta, mamba a oxide, ndi zokutira kudzera mu nthunzi, kusungunuka kwa kuwala, kusungunuka kwa kuwala, ndi zotsatira za kugwedezeka kwa kuwala.

Ma laser, pamodzi ndi ma electron beams ndi ma ion beams, onse pamodzi amatchedwa ma high-energy beams. Chikhalidwe chawo chofanana ndi chakuti ma ray amanyamula mphamvu zambiri mumlengalenga; kudzera mu focus, mphamvu ya radiation ya 10⁴ mpaka 10¹⁵ W/cm² imatha kupezeka pafupi ndi focal point, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale magwero otentha kwambiri. Ma laser amawonetsa kuwala kwambiri, kuwongolera kwamphamvu, monochromaticity yabwino kwambiri, komanso mgwirizano wapamwamba. Nthawi zambiri, nozzle imagwiritsidwa ntchito: nozzle yaying'ono yolumikizana ndi laser imatsogolera mpweya wopanikizika kupita kumalo oyeretsera. Mpweyawu umaperekedwa ndi gwero lothandizira, makamaka kuteteza kuipitsidwa kwa lens kuchokera ku splashes ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kuyeretsa pamwamba pa workpiece, ndikuwonjezera kuyanjana kwa kutentha pakati pa laser ndi zinthuzo.

makhalidwe ogwira ntchito

Kuyeretsa kwa laser ya mafakitalendi njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa laser kuti ipangitse pamwamba pa nthaka yolimba ndikuchotsa zinthu zosafunikira. Mwa kuyamwa mphamvu kuchokera ku kuwala kwa laser, chinthu chomwe chikufunidwa (chomwe chiyenera kuchotsedwa) chimatenthedwa mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chisanduke nthunzi kapena kuzizira kwambiri. Choyambira chapansi sichinasinthe chifukwa chimatenga mphamvu zochepa. Mwa kuwongolera molondola kuwala kwa laser, kutalika kwa nthawi, ndi nthawi ya kugunda, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zachotsedwa pa kuwala kwa laser iliyonse kumatha kulamulidwa molondola kwambiri.

Ubwino ndi Mapindu

Kuyeretsa kwa laser kumachotsa kufunikira kwa mankhwala osungunulira kapena zinthu zina zogwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotetezeka komanso zachilengedwe, zomwe zimakhala ndi zabwino zambiri:

1. Yosamalira chilengedwe – siifuna kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kapena njira zotsukira;

2. Zinyalala zotsukira zimakhala ndi ufa wolimba, womwe ndi wochepa ndipo ndi wosavuta kusonkhanitsa ndikubwezeretsanso;

3. Kuyeretsa utsi wa zinyalala kumayamwa mosavuta ndi kukonzedwa, kumagwira ntchito popanda phokoso lalikulu, ndipo sikuvulaza thanzi la anthu;

4. Kuyeretsa popanda kukhudza popanda zotsalira komanso kuipitsa kwina;

5. Zimathandiza kuyeretsa mwapadera popanda kuwononga gawo lapansi;

6. Sipafunika kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ogwirira ntchito; ndalama zamagetsi zokha ndi zomwe zimawononga ndalama zochepa zogwirira ntchito ndi kukonza.

7. Yosavuta kupanga zokha, kuchepetsa mphamvu ya ntchito;

8. Yoyenera malo kapena malo ovuta kufikako, komanso malo oopsa kapena oopsa.