M'zaka zaposachedwapa, kuyeretsa pogwiritsa ntchito laser kwakhala malo ofunikira kwambiri pa kafukufuku wa mafakitale, kafukufuku akuphatikizapo njira, chiphunzitso, zida ndi ntchito. Mu mafakitale, ukadaulo woyeretsa pogwiritsa ntchito laser wakwanitsa kuyeretsa bwino malo osiyanasiyana, kuyeretsa zinthu kuphatikizapo chitsulo, aluminiyamu, titaniyamu, galasi ndi zinthu zina, ndi zina zotero, mafakitale ogwiritsira ntchito omwe akuphatikizapo ndege, ndege, zombo, sitima yapamtunda, magalimoto, nkhungu, mphamvu ya nyukiliya ndi nyanja ndi zina.
Ukadaulo woyeretsa pogwiritsa ntchito laser, womwe unayamba m'ma 1960, uli ndi ubwino woyeretsa bwino, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kulondola kwambiri, kusakhudzana ndi zinthu zina komanso kupezeka mosavuta. Mu mafakitale opanga, kupanga ndi kukonza zinthu ndi madera ena, pali njira zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito, zomwe zikuyembekezeka kusintha pang'ono kapena kwathunthu njira zachikhalidwe zoyeretsera, ndikukhala ukadaulo woyeretsa wobiriwira wodalirika kwambiri m'zaka za m'ma 2000.
Njira yoyeretsera ya laser
Njira yoyeretsera ya laser ndi yovuta kwambiri, yokhala ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zochotsera zinthu, pa njira yoyeretsera ya laser, njira yoyeretsera ikhoza kukhalapo nthawi yomweyo ndi njira zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kuyanjana pakati pa laser ndi zinthuzo, kuphatikizapo kuchotsedwa kwa pamwamba pa zinthuzo, kuwonongeka, ionization, kuwonongeka, kusungunuka, kuyaka, nthunzi, kugwedezeka, kuphulika, kufutukuka, kuchepa, kuphulika, kuchotsedwa, kuchotsedwa ndi kusintha kwina kwa thupi ndi mankhwala.
Pakadali pano, njira zodziwika bwino zoyeretsera pogwiritsa ntchito laser ndi zitatu: kuyeretsa pogwiritsa ntchito laser ablation, kuyeretsa pogwiritsa ntchito laser pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ndi filimu, komanso njira zoyeretsera pogwiritsa ntchito laser shock wave.
Njira yotsukira yochotsera tsitsi pogwiritsa ntchito laser
Njira zazikulu zogwiritsira ntchito ndi kukulitsa kutentha, kupopera mpweya, kupopera mpweya ndi kuphulika kwa gawo. Laser imagwira ntchito mwachindunji pa zinthu zomwe ziyenera kuchotsedwa pamwamba pa substrate ndipo mikhalidwe yozungulira ikhoza kukhala mpweya, mpweya wochepa kapena vacuum. Mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito ndi yosavuta ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zokutira, utoto, tinthu tating'onoting'ono kapena dothi. Chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa chikuwonetsa chithunzi cha njira yoyeretsera kupopera mpweya pogwiritsa ntchito laser.
Pamene kuwala kwa laser pamwamba pa zinthuzo, gawo lapansi ndi zinthu zoyeretsera ndiye kukula koyamba kwa kutentha. Pamene nthawi yolumikizirana ndi laser ndi zinthu zoyeretsera ikuwonjezeka, ngati kutentha kuli kotsika kuposa malire a cavitation a zinthu zoyeretsera, njira yosinthira zinthu zoyeretsera ndi thupi, kusiyana pakati pa zinthu zoyeretsera ndi gawo lapansi kumawonjezera kupanikizika pa malo olumikizirana, kugwedezeka kwa zinthu zoyeretsera, kung'ambika, kusweka kwa makina, kugwedezeka, ndi zina zotero, zinthu zoyeretsera zimachotsedwa ndi jet kapena kuchotsedwa pamwamba pa gawo lapansi.
Ngati kutentha kuli kokwera kuposa kutentha kwa mpweya wa zinthu zoyeretsera, padzakhala zochitika ziwiri: 1) malire a ablation a zinthu zoyeretsera ndi ochepa kuposa substrate; 2) malire a ablation a zinthu zoyeretsera ndi akulu kuposa substrate.
Milandu iwiriyi ya zinthu zoyeretsera ndi kusungunuka, kutsekeka kwa madzi ndi kuchotsedwa kwa madzi ndi kusintha kwina kwa thupi, njira yoyeretsera ndi yovuta kwambiri, kuwonjezera pa zotsatira za kutentha, komanso ingaphatikizepo zinthu zoyeretsera ndi magawo pakati pa kusweka kwa mamolekyulu, kuwonongeka kapena kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zoyeretsera, kuphulika kwa gawo, kuyeretsa zinthu, ionization ya nthawi yomweyo, kupanga plasma.
(1)Kuyeretsa filimu yamadzimadzi pogwiritsa ntchito laser
Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito kutenthetsa ndi kugwedezeka kwa madzi, ndi zina zotero. Kugwiritsa ntchito kufunikira kosankha kutalika kwa nthawi yoyenera ya laser, kuti muchepetse kupanikizika komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha kutsika kwa mphamvu mu njira yoyeretsera pogwiritsa ntchito laser ablation, kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchotsa zina mwa zinthu zovuta kwambiri kuchotsa.
Monga momwe chithunzi chili pansipa chikusonyezera, filimu yamadzimadzi (madzi, ethanol kapena zakumwa zina) imaphimbidwa kale pamwamba pa chinthu choyeretsera, kenako nkugwiritsa ntchito laser kuti iwalire. Filimu yamadzimadzi imayamwa mphamvu ya laser zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi aziphulika kwambiri, kuphulika kwa madzi otentha kuthamanga kwambiri, kusamutsa mphamvu kuzinthu zoyeretsera pamwamba, mphamvu yayikulu yophulika yokwanira kuchotsa dothi pamwamba kuti zikwaniritse ntchito zoyeretsera.
Njira yoyeretsera pogwiritsa ntchito laser pogwiritsa ntchito filimu yamadzimadzi ili ndi zovuta ziwiri.
Njira yovuta komanso yovuta kuilamulira.
Chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito filimu yamadzimadzi, kapangidwe ka mankhwala ka pamwamba pa substrate pambuyo poyeretsa n'kosavuta kusintha ndikupanga zinthu zatsopano.
(1)Njira yotsukira ya laser shock wave type
Njira ndi njira yogwirira ntchito ndi zosiyana kwambiri ndi ziwiri zoyambirira, njira yogwirira ntchito makamaka ndi kuchotsa mphamvu ya mafunde ogwedezeka, zinthu zotsukira makamaka ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, makamaka zochotsera tinthu tating'onoting'ono (sub-micron kapena nanoscale). Zofunikira pa njira yogwirira ntchito ndi zokhwima kwambiri, zonse ziwiri kuti zitsimikizire kuti mpweya uzitha kusungunuka, komanso kuti pakhale mtunda woyenera pakati pa laser ndi substrate kuti zitsimikizire kuti mphamvu yogwira ntchitoyo ikugwira ntchito mokwanira.
Chithunzi cha njira yoyeretsera mafunde a laser chawonetsedwa pansipa, laser ikugwirizana ndi komwe chithunzicho chajambulidwa pamwamba pa substrate, ndipo substrate sichikhudza. Sinthani workpiece kapena mutu wa laser kuti musinthe laser kuti igwirizane ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono pafupi ndi kutulutsa kwa laser, malo ofunikira a ionization ya mpweya adzachitika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafunde a shock, mafunde a shock afike pakukula mwachangu kwa kukula kwa spherical, ndikukulitsidwa kuti igwirizane ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Pamene mphindi ya gawo lopingasa la mafunde a shock pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi yayikulu kuposa mphindi ya gawo lotalika komanso mphamvu yolumikizira tinthu tating'onoting'ono, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tidzachotsedwa pozungulira.
Ukadaulo woyeretsa wa laser
Njira yoyeretsera laser imachokera makamaka pamwamba pa chinthucho pambuyo pa kuyamwa kwa mphamvu ya laser, kapena nthunzi ndi kusinthasintha kwa kutentha, kapena kufalikira kwa kutentha nthawi yomweyo kuti tipewe kulowetsedwa kwa tinthu pamwamba, kotero kuti chinthucho chichoke pamwamba, kenako kukwaniritsa cholinga choyeretsa.
Mwachidule, mwachidule ndi: 1. kuwonongeka kwa nthunzi ya laser, 2. kuchotsa laser, 3. kufutukuka kwa tinthu ta dothi ndi kutentha, 4. kugwedezeka kwa pamwamba pa nthaka ndi kugwedezeka kwa tinthu mbali zinayi
Poyerekeza ndi njira yoyeretsera yachikhalidwe, ukadaulo woyeretsa wa laser uli ndi makhalidwe otsatirawa.
1. Ndi kuyeretsa "kouma", palibe njira yotsukira kapena njira zina zamankhwala, ndipo ukhondo wake ndi wapamwamba kwambiri kuposa njira yotsukira mankhwala.
2. Kuchuluka kwa dothi ndi gawo loyenera la substrate ndi lalikulu kwambiri, ndipo
3. Kudzera mu malamulo a magawo a njira ya laser, pamwamba pa substrate sipangathe kuwononga chifukwa chochotsa bwino zinthu zodetsa, ndipo pamwamba pake pamakhala pabwino ngati patsopano.
4. Kuyeretsa kwa laser kumatha kuchitika mosavuta.
5. Zipangizo zochotsera kuipitsidwa ndi laser zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo ndalama zogwirira ntchito ndi zotsika.
6. Ukadaulo woyeretsa wa laser ndi: wobiriwira: njira yoyeretsera, kuchotsa zinyalala ndi ufa wolimba, kukula kochepa, kosavuta kusunga, kwenikweni sikungawononge chilengedwe.
M'zaka za m'ma 1980, chitukuko chachangu cha makampani opanga ma semiconductor pamwamba pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta chigoba cha silicon wafer cha ukadaulo woyeretsa chinapereka zofunikira zapamwamba, mfundo yofunika kwambiri ndikuthana ndi kuipitsidwa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi gawo lapansi pakati pa mphamvu yayikulu yoyamwa, kuyeretsa kwachikhalidwe kwa mankhwala, kuyeretsa kwamakina, njira zoyeretsera zamagetsi sizingakwaniritse zosowa, ndipo kuyeretsa kwa laser kumatha kuthetsa mavuto otere a kuipitsidwa, kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi ntchito ndi ntchito zapangidwa mwachangu.
Mu 1987, patent inayamba kuonekera koyamba. M'zaka za m'ma 1990, Zapka anagwiritsa ntchito bwino ukadaulo woyeretsa wa laser pakupanga ma semiconductor kuti achotse tinthu tating'onoting'ono pamwamba pa chigoba, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti ukadaulo woyeretsa wa laser uyambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale. Mu 1995, ofufuza anagwiritsa ntchito laser ya 2 kW TEA-CO2 kuti athetse bwino kuchotsedwa kwa utoto wa fuselage wa ndege.
Pambuyo polowa m'zaka za m'ma 2000, ndi chitukuko chapamwamba cha ma laser afupiafupi kwambiri, kafukufuku wa m'dziko ndi kunja ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo woyeretsa laser pang'onopang'ono kunawonjezeka, kuyang'ana kwambiri pamwamba pa zipangizo zachitsulo, ntchito zakunja zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi kuchotsa utoto wa fuselage wa ndege, kuchotsa mafuta a nkhungu pamwamba, kuchotsa mpweya wamkati mwa injini ndi kuyeretsa malo olumikizirana asanawotcherera. US Edison Welding Institute ikuyeretsa ndege yankhondo ya FG16 pogwiritsa ntchito laser, pamene mphamvu ya laser ya 1 kW, voliyumu yoyeretsa ya 2.36 cm3 pamphindi.
Ndikoyenera kunena kuti kafukufuku ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira yochotsera utoto wa laser pazinthu zapamwamba zophatikizika ndi malo otchuka kwambiri. Ma blade a propeller a helikopita a US Navy HG53, HG56 ndi mchira wa ndege yankhondo ya F16 ndi malo ena ophatikizika agwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa utoto wa laser, pomwe zida zophatikizika za ku China mu ndege zagwiritsidwa ntchito mochedwa, kotero kafukufuku wotereyu ali pamalo opanda kanthu.
Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo woyeretsa wa laser pochiza pamwamba pa cholumikizira cha CFRP musanachimangirire kuti chikhale cholimba ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zikufufuzidwa pakadali pano. Kampani ya laser ikusintha kuti igwirizane ndi mzere wopanga magalimoto a Audi TT kuti ipereke zida zotsukira za fiber laser kuti ziyeretse pamwamba pa filimu yopepuka ya aluminiyamu alloy chitseko cha oxide. Rolls G Royce UK idagwiritsa ntchito kutsuka kwa laser kuti iyeretse filimu ya oxide pamwamba pa zigawo za titanium aero-injini.
Ukadaulo woyeretsa pogwiritsa ntchito laser wakula mofulumira m'zaka ziwiri zapitazi, kaya ndi njira zoyeretsera pogwiritsa ntchito laser ndi njira zoyeretsera, kafukufuku wa zinthu zoyeretsera kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wapita patsogolo kwambiri. Ukadaulo woyeretsa pogwiritsa ntchito laser pambuyo pa kafukufuku wambiri, cholinga cha kafukufuku wake nthawi zonse chimakhala cholunjika pakugwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku, komanso pakugwiritsa ntchito zotsatira zabwino. M'tsogolomu, ukadaulo woyeretsa pogwiritsa ntchito laser poteteza zinthu zakale zachikhalidwe ndi ntchito zaluso udzagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndipo msika wake ndi wokulirapo. Ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi ukadaulo, kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo woyeretsa pogwiritsa ntchito laser m'makampani kukukhala koona, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ntchito kukukulirakulira.
Kampani ya Maven laser automation yakhala ikuyang'ana kwambiri makampani opanga laser kwa zaka 14, timadziwa bwino ntchito yolemba chizindikiro cha laser, tili ndi makina oyeretsera makina a laser, makina oyeretsera makina a trolley case, makina oyeretsera makina a laser backpack ndi makina atatu mu imodzi oyeretsera laser, kuphatikiza apo, tilinso ndi makina owetera a laser, makina odulira laser ndi makina ojambula chizindikiro a laser, ngati mukufuna makina athu, mutha kutitsatira ndikukhala omasuka kutilankhulana nafe.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-14-2022
