Nkhani - Kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu kwa lasers m'makampani

Kuyambira pomwe idayamba m'ma 1960, ukadaulo wa laser wakula mwachangu kukhala chida chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga mafakitale chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, kuwongolera bwino komanso kusinthasintha. Poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe zopangira makina, kukonza laser kuli ndi zabwino zazikulu monga kusakhudzana, kulondola kwambiri komanso kuchuluka kwa zochita zokha, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mafakitale monga kudula zinthu, kuwotcherera, kulemba chizindikiro, kubowola ndi kupanga zowonjezera. Malinga ndi mtundu wa laser ndi mawonekedwe ake, kukonza laser yamafakitale kumagawidwa m'magulu atatu: kudula laser, kuwotcherera laser ndi kupanga zowonjezera za laser. Njira iliyonse yogwirira ntchito ili ndi njira yake yapadera yogwirira ntchito komanso kuchuluka kwa ntchito.

Kudula kwa laser

Kudula laser ndi imodzi mwa ntchito zokhwima kwambiri za laser m'mafakitale. Imagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa laser kwamphamvu kwambiri kusungunula ndi kusandutsa zinthu kukhala nthunzi, ndipo imaphatikizidwa ndi mpweya wothandiza kuti ichotse slag, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kudulako kukhale koyenera komanso kolondola. Ma laser a CO₂ ndi ma laser a fiber pakadali pano ndi zida zodziwika bwino, zoyenera kudula mbale zapakati ndi zopyapyala monga chitsulo cha carbon, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ndi aluminiyamu. Ubwino wa ukadaulo uwu uli m'malo ake opapatiza, malo ang'onoang'ono okhudzidwa ndi kutentha, palibe chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito nkhungu komanso kuthekera kosintha njira zogwirira ntchito mwachangu. Ndi yoyenera makamaka mafakitale omwe amafunidwa kwambiri monga kupanga magalimoto, kukonza zitsulo zapepala ndi ndege.

Pakupanga magalimoto, kudula kwa laser kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuyambira pa mapanelo a thupi mpaka mainjini. Mwachitsanzo, ma fiber laser amagwiritsidwa ntchito podula molondola kwambiri zinthu zachitsulo zamphamvu kwambiri, motero zimapangitsa kuti magalimoto azipepuka.

(2) Makampani opanga ndege amapindulanso ndi ukadaulo wodula ndi laser, makamaka popanga zinthu zovuta zopangidwa ndi zipangizo zamakono monga titaniyamu ndi zinthu zophatikizika. Mwachitsanzo, ma laser othamanga kwambiri angagwiritsidwe ntchito kudula zinthu za titaniyamu zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta, pomwe amachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa kutentha ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zinthuzo zili bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magwiridwe antchito ndi chitetezo cha zinthu za ndege chikhale bwino.

Kuwotcherera kwa laser

Kuwotcherera kwa laser kumalumikiza zinthu mwa kusungunula zitsulo mwachangu ndi kuwala kwa laser, komwe kumalowetsa kwambiri, kuthamanga kwambiri, komanso kutentha pang'ono. Njira zodziwika bwino zowotcherera zimaphatikizapo kuwotcherera kwa laser kosalekeza ndi kuwotcherera kwa laser kosunthika, komwe kuli koyenera kuwotcherera kolondola kwa mbale yopyapyala komanso kuwotcherera kozama. Poyerekeza ndi kuwotcherera kwa arc, ma seams a laser ali ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kusintha kochepa, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo monga kulongedza mabatire, kuwotcherera kwa zigawo zachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ndi kupanga zigawo za nyukiliya. Makamaka popanga mabatire, kuwotcherera kwa laser kwakhala njira yolumikizirana yodziwika bwino.

(1) Mu makampani opanga magalimoto, kuwotcherera kwa laser kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza mapanelo a thupi, zigawo za injini, ndi zigawo zina zofunika. Mwachitsanzo, ma laser a fiber amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwotcherera molondola kwambiri zigawo zachitsulo champhamvu kwambiri kuti apange malo olumikizirana olimba komanso olimba.

(2) Mu makampani a zamagetsi, kuwotcherera kwa laser kumagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikiza zinthu zazing'ono komanso zolondola molondola kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ma diode laser amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwotcherera maselo a batri m'mabatire a lithiamu-ion kuti atsimikizire kudalirika kwa maulumikizidwe amagetsi.

(3) Mu makampani opanga ndege, Boeing 787 Dreamliner imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wowotcherera wa laser polumikiza titanium alloys ndi zinthu zophatikizika, kuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa ma rivets, kuchepetsa kulemera kwa fuselage, ndikuwonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mafuta.

Ukadaulo wa laser, monga mzati wofunikira kwambiri pakupanga zinthu zapamwamba, ikukulitsa nthawi zonse malire ake ogwiritsira ntchito mafakitale. Pakadali pano, kukonza kwa laser kukukulanso kupita ku mphamvu yapamwamba, kulondola kwambiri komanso njira zambiri zolumikizirana, monga kuluka kwa laser-electric arc composite, laser ultrafast micro-processing, ndi makina owunikira anzeru a laser. M'tsogolomu, ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa ma laser a semiconductor amphamvu kwambiri, machitidwe owongolera anzeru, ndi malingaliro opanga zinthu zobiriwira, kukonza kwa laser kudzapitilizabe kukhala ndi gawo lofunikira pakupanga zinthu zanzeru, zinthu zomwe munthu amasankha yekha, komanso minda yopangira zinthu zambiri.