Ubale pakati pa liwiro la kuwotcherera ndi khalidwe la kuwotcherera

Ubale pakati pa liwiro la kuwotcherera ndi khalidwe la kuwotcherera uyenera kumvedwa motsatira njira ya dialectic ndipo palibe chomwe chiyenera kunyalanyazidwa. Izi zimaonekera makamaka mu gawo lotenthetsera ndi gawo la crystallization.

1. Gawo lotenthetsera

Pansi pa mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito ya mapaipi olumikizidwa ndi msoko wowongoka kwambiri, m'mphepete mwa chubu chopanda kanthu mumatenthedwa kuyambira kutentha kwa chipinda mpaka kutentha kwa welding. Panthawiyi, m'mphepete mwa chubu chopanda kanthu mulibe chitetezo konse ndipo mumakhala ndi mpweya wonse. Izi zimayambitsa machitidwe amphamvu ndi mpweya, nayitrogeni ndi zinthu zina mumlengalenga, zomwe zimawonjezera kwambiri nayitrogeni ndi ma oxide mu msoko wa weld. Zayesedwa kuti kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni mu msoko wa weld kumawonjezeka ndi nthawi 20 mpaka 45 chifukwa cha izi. Chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa mpweya kumawonjezeka ndi nthawi 7 mpaka 35. Pakadali pano, zinthu zambiri zophatikiza monga manganese ndi kaboni zomwe zimathandiza msoko wa weld zimatenthedwa ndikusanduka nthunzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu za makina a msoko wa weld zichepe. Kuchokera pa izi, zitha kuoneka kuti mwanjira imeneyi, liwiro la weld likakhala lochepa, khalidwe la weld limakhala loipa kwambiri.

Si zokhazo, pamene m'mphepete mwa chubu chotenthetsera chopanda kanthu mumlengalenga mutakhala nthawi yayitali, ndiko kuti, liwiro lothira pang'onopang'ono, ma oxide ambiri osakhala achitsulo adzapangidwa mozama kwambiri. Ma oxide osakhala achitsulo awa okhala ndi mulingo wozama ndi ovuta kutulutsa kwathunthu mu msoko wa weld panthawi ya njira yotsatira ya crystallization extrusion. Pambuyo pa crystallization, amakhalabe mu msoko wa weld mu mawonekedwe a zinthu zopanda chitsulo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofooka. Potero zimawononga mgwirizano wa kapangidwe ka weld ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya weld. Liwiro lothira mofulumira, nthawi ya oxidation imakhala yochepa, komanso ma oxide ochepa osakhala achitsulo omwe amapangidwa, omwe amakhala ochepa pamwamba, amatha kutulutsidwa mosavuta mu msoko wa weld panthawi yotsatira ya extrusion. Sipadzakhalanso zotsalira zambiri za oxide zosakhala zachitsulo mu msoko wa weld, ndipo mphamvu ya msoko wa weld ndi yayikulu.

2. Gawo la Crystallization

Malinga ndi mfundo za metallography, kuti mupeze ma weld amphamvu kwambiri, ndikofunikira kukonza tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta weld momwe tingathere. Njira yoyambira yokonzanso ndikupanga ma nuclei okwanira a kristalo munthawi yochepa, kuti agwirizane asanakule kwambiri ndipo njira yopangira ma crystal imatha. Izi zimafuna kuwonjezera liwiro la weld kuti seam ya weld ituluke mwachangu pamalo otentha, kuti seam ya weld ipangike mwachangu pamlingo waukulu wa subcooling. Pamene mlingo wa undercooling ukuwonjezeka, kuchuluka kwa nucleation kumatha kuwonjezeka kwambiri, pomwe kuchuluka kwa kukula kumawonjezeka pang'ono, motero kukwaniritsa cholinga choyeretsa tirigu wa weld.

Chifukwa chake, kaya mutayang'ana kuchokera pagawo lotenthetsera la ndondomeko yowotcherera kapena kuzizira pambuyo powotcherera, poganizira kuti mukukwaniritsa zofunikira zowotcherera, liwiro lowotcherera likakhala lofulumira, msoko wowotcherera umakhala wabwino kwambiri.

Mavenmakina owotcherera a laser a roboticndi laser ya ulusi yomwe imagwirizanitsa kuwala kwa laser kwamphamvu kwambiri ndi laser ya robotic ngati nsanja yosunthira yowotcherera. Njira iliyonse yolowera m'malo imatha kuwotcherera. Makina owotcherera a laser okhala ndi ntchito zambiri amatha kukonzedwa kuti awotchetse ziwalo zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuzipeza ndi makina wamba owotcherera a laser, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuwotcherera kukhale kosavuta kwambiri. Kuwala kwa laser kumatha kugawidwa nthawi ndi mphamvu, zomwe zimathandiza kukonza mipiringidzo yambiri nthawi imodzi ndikuwonjezera kupanga bwino kwa kuwotcherera.