Laser: Tanthauzo, Unyolo wa Mafakitale, Mapulogalamu, ndi Malo Padziko Lonse

Unyolo wa Makampani a Laser

Kumtunda kwa Unyolo wa Mafakitale

Pakati pa Unyolo wa Mafakitale

Pansi pa Unyolo wa Mafakitale

Ubwino ndi Magawo Aakulu Ogwiritsira Ntchito Ukadaulo wa Laser

• Mu gawo la ukadaulo wazidziwitso wa m'badwo watsopano, imathandizira chitukuko cha magawo atsopano owonetsera ndi kulumikizana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zatsopano muukadaulo wazidziwitso.
• Mu gawo la kupanga zida zapamwamba, zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa kupanga zinthu zobiriwira komanso kupanga zinthu mwanzeru, zomwe zimathandizira chitukuko cha njanji zothamanga kwambiri komanso zida zamagetsi.
• Mu gawo latsopano la mphamvu, limalimbikitsa chitukuko cha mphamvu ya dzuwa yogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri komanso ma gridi anzeru, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano kufulumizitse.
• Mu gawo la zinthu zatsopano, zimathandiza kukonza bwino zinthu, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri pa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha zinthu zatsopano.
• Mu makampani opanga magalimoto atsopano opereka mphamvu, imakonza bwino ntchito yokonza ndi kuwotcherera zida zamagalimoto, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makampani opanga magalimoto atsopano opereka mphamvu asinthe.
• Mu gawo losamalira mphamvu ndi kuteteza chilengedwe, imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu magetsi a semiconductor, zomwe zimathandiza kuti makampani osamalira mphamvu ndi kuteteza chilengedwe apite patsogolo.
• Mu makampani opanga zinthu zachilengedwe, zimathandiza kuti zipangizo zamakono zachipatala zigwire bwino ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zatsopano mumakampani opanga zinthu zachilengedwe.

Chitsanzo cha Makampani a Laser Padziko Lonse

• Mayiko aku Europe: Anayamba kale kutsogolera muukadaulo wa laser ndipo apeza ukadaulo wozama, ali ndi ubwino wolondola kwambiri, kudalirika kwambiri, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito pamsika wapamwamba (monga semiconductor ndi lithography technology). Malinga ndi deta yofufuza za msika, makampani opanga laser ku Europe ali ndi gawo loposa 30% la msika wapadziko lonse lapansi.
• United States: Ili ndi malo ofunikira pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi m'magawo monga kapangidwe ka ma chip apamwamba kwambiri komanso ukadaulo wophatikiza ma silicon photonics. Makamaka, IPG Photonics imatsogolera padziko lonse lapansimsika wa laser wa fiberPonseponse, makampani opanga laser ku US ali ndi pafupifupi 20% ya gawo la msika wapadziko lonse lapansi.
• Japan ndi South Korea: Ali ndi mphamvu zapadera pakupanga zinthu molondola, ukadaulo wa kuwala, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito m'magawo ena apadera. Mwachitsanzo, Japan ikutsogolera padziko lonse lapansi mu kupanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi ulusi wa kuwala ndi ulusi wapadera wa kuwala, ndipo msika wapadziko lonse lapansi uli ndi gawo loposa 50%; Kampani ya Meere yaku South Korea ili ndi gawo la 70% la msika wapadziko lonse lapansi mu makina opukutira ziwonetsero. Komabe, deta yolondola pa gawo lonse la msika wapadziko lonse lapansi la makampani opanga laser aku Japan ndi South Korea ndi yovuta kupeza.
• China: Ili ndi ubwino wapadera pakupanga zida za laser ndipo ikutsogolera msika wapadziko lonse lapansi. Mu 2024, ndalama zomwe msika wa zida za laser padziko lonse lapansi unapeza zinali pafupifupi madola 21.8 biliyoni aku US, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti msika wa zida za laser ku China upeze ndalama zokwana 89.7 biliyoni yuan (zomwe zikuyimira 56.6% ya msika wapadziko lonse). Komabe, poganizira za unyolo wonse wa mafakitale (kuphatikizapo zipangizo zazikulu ndi zigawo zake, kupanga zida za laser zapamwamba, ndi ntchito zapamwamba), gawo la msika ku China linachepa kufika pafupifupi 21% ya ndalama zonse padziko lonse lapansi.
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Kukula kwa Makampani Opanga Laser ku China

Thandizo la Ndondomeko

Magulu a Zamalonda a M'madera

• Chigwa cha Wuhan Optics: Mwa kuphatikiza kwambiri luso lamakono ndi luso la mafakitale, yamanga malo okwera kwambiri kuti ipititse patsogolo makampani opanga laser aku China. Imasonkhanitsa mabizinesi opitilira 200 a laser, kuphatikiza mabizinesi osiyanasiyana a gasi, olimba, ndi fiber laser okhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu, yapakati, komanso yotsika. Unyolo wathunthu wa mafakitale wapangidwa, womwe umaphatikizapo zipangizo za laser zakumtunda ndi zigawo zothandizira, ma laser apakati ndi zida zothandizira, ndi ntchito za laser zakumunsi.
• Pearl River Delta: Chifukwa cha kufunikira kwa msika, imalimbikitsa kufunikira kwa mafakitale opanga laser ndikulimbikitsa kukonza maulalo onse mu unyolo wamafakitale. Monga msika waukulu kwambiri wogwiritsira ntchito laser ku China, kuchuluka kwake kotumizira kunja kumaposa 30% ya chiwerengero chonse cha dzikolo. Kukula kwa mafakitale m'derali ndi pafupifupi 13 biliyoni yuan, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale gulu lachiwiri lalikulu kwambiri la makampani opanga laser ku China pambuyo pa Wuhan.
• Bohai Rim: Ili ndi luso lamphamvu la R&D laukadaulo komanso kufunikira kwakukulu pamsika. Msika uwu, womwe ukuimiridwa ndi Beijing, umasonkhanitsa mabizinesi ambiri m'mafakitale a IT ndi kulumikizana, zomwe zimapangitsa kufunikira kwakukulu kwa zinthu za laser.
• Mtsinje wa Yangtze Delta: Uli ndi unyolo wathunthu wa mafakitale, ndipo mafakitale ambiri amagawidwa ku Shanghai, Nanjing, Wenzhou, Suzhou, Ningbo, ndi mizinda ina. Makampani opanga laser m'chigawo chino amadziwika ndi luso logwirizana m'madera osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti unyolo wa mafakitale ukhale wabwino komanso wothandiza kudzera m'mabizinesi otsogola. Chiwerengero cha ma patent omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo akuluakulu aukadaulo monga ma laser othamanga kwambiri ndimakina a galvanometer olondola kwambiriMu Mtsinje wa Yangtze, kuchuluka kwa magetsi m'derali kumawonjezeka ndi 34% pachaka, ndipo kuchuluka kwa magetsi m'derali ndi kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa kuchuluka kwa magetsi m'dziko lonselo.

1. Ubwino wa Luso: Masukulu pafupifupi 18 a maphunziro apamwamba ndi mabungwe 56 ofufuza zasayansi m'maboma ndi m'maunduna amayang'aniridwa mozungulira maziko, akuphunzitsa ophunzira aku koleji opitilira 50,000 pachaka, kupereka zinthu zambiri zaluso kumakampani opanga laser.
2. Ubwino wa Ukadaulo: Mabungwe monga Wuhan Research Institute of Posts and Telecommunications ndi Huazhong University of Science and Technology ali patsogolo kwambiri m'dziko muno muukadaulo wolumikizirana ndi kuwala komanso kukonza laser, ndipo amapereka chithandizo champhamvu chaukadaulo pakukula kwa mafakitale.
3. Ubwino wa Maziko a Zamalonda: Chigwa cha Wuhan Optics chakhala maziko akuluakulu opanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi ulusi wa kuwala ndi chingwe ku China komanso maziko opangira zida za laser, okhala ndi maziko olimba a mafakitale.
4. Ubwino wa Msika: Maziko ali ndi gawo lalikulu pamsika wazinthu zopangira ulusi ndi chingwe komanso msika wa zida zamagetsi, komanso ali ndi udindo winawake mumakampani apadziko lonse lapansi opanga zamagetsi zamagetsi, ndipo ali ndi mwayi waukulu pamsika.

Kusintha kwa Msika ndi Zigawo Zazikulu za Zipangizo za Laser

Kusintha kwa Msika kwa Zipangizo za Laser

• Kupanga Mabatire a Lithium: Ma laser amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mabatire a lithiamu. Mabatire a Lithium-ion ali ndi zofunikira kwambiri pachitetezo, kusinthasintha, ndi kuchulukana, ndipo kukonza kwa laser kuli ndi ubwino woonekeratu pakukonza ndi kugwira ntchito bwino. Pakadali pano, chifukwa cha chitukuko chachangu cha magalimoto atsopano amphamvu, kufunikira kwa zida za mabatire a lithiamu kuli kwakukulu, ndipo makampani a mabatire a lithiamu akukulitsa mphamvu zawo zopangira. Popeza kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kudula, kuyeretsa, ndi kulemba chizindikiro cha laser popanga mabatire a lithiamu, gawo la zida zopangira laser popanga mabatire a lithiamu amphamvu likuyembekezeka kufika 15-20% mtsogolo.
• Kuyeretsa ndi Laser ndi Kuphimba ndi Laser: Misika yatsopanoyi yogwiritsira ntchito zinthu ili ndi mwayi waukulu. Poyerekeza ndi kuyeretsa mankhwala ndi kupukutira makina, kuyeretsa pogwiritsa ntchito laser n'kothandiza kwambiri, sikuwononga chilengedwe, sikuwononganso zinthu zina, komanso n'kothandiza kwambiri. Kungalowe m'malo mwa misika yomwe ilipo monga kuyeretsa mafakitale ndi kupukuta ndi manja, komwe kungathe kukhala ndi msika waukulu. Magawo atsopano ogwiritsira ntchito zinthu akuphatikizapo kuyeretsa zinthu zakale, kuyeretsa nyumba, ndi kuyeretsa misewu.
• Makampani Opanga Ma Photovoltaic: Ukadaulo wokonza ma laser ukhoza kupititsa patsogolo kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a ma cell a photovoltaic. Chifukwa cha zinthu zabwino monga kuchepa kosalekeza kwa ndalama zopangira magetsi a photovoltaic komanso kufunikira kwa misika yatsopano, msika wapadziko lonse wa photovoltaic upitiliza kukula. Kukonza ma laser kumagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira monga ablation, cutting, edge trimming, ndi doping popanga ma cell a solar.

Zigawo Zazikulu za Lasers

• Kapangidwe ka Mtengo: Kuchokera ku kapangidwe ka mtengo wa ma laser, ulusi wapadera wa kuwala, magwero a mapampu, ndi zida zowunikira ndiye zigawo zazikulu za mtengo, zomwe zimaposa 80%. Pakati pawo, magwero a mapampu ndi ulusi wapadera wa kuwala ndiye magwero akuluakulu a mtengo wa zinthu zopangira ma laser a ulusi—kawirikawiri, ulusi wapadera wa kuwala umakhala pafupifupi 20%, ndipo magwero a mapampu ndi pafupifupi 30%.
• Chizindikiro Chotsatira Chofunika: Pofufuza zigawo zapakati pa lasers, chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa kudzipanga (kapena kukhazikika) kwa zigawo izi zapakati. Chiŵerengero chachikulu cha kudzipanga (kapena kukhazikika) chimabweretsa kuchepa kwachangu kwa ndalama zogulira.
• Magwero a Pampu: Monga gwero la kuwala kwa ma laser a ulusi, magwero a pampu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusangalatsa malo ogwirira ntchito a laser ndikupompa tinthu tomwe timagwira ntchito kuchokera pansi kupita pamlingo wapamwamba wa mphamvu kuti tikwaniritse kusintha kwa anthu. Malinga ndi kusiyana kwa malo ogwirira ntchito ndi momwe laser imagwirira ntchito, amagawidwa m'mitundu inayi: kusonkhezera kwa kuwala (kupompa kwa kuwala), kusonkhezera kutulutsa mpweya, kusonkhezera kwa mankhwala, ndi kusonkhezera mphamvu ya nyukiliya. Mitundu yofananira ya ma laser ndi ma laser a ulusi, ma laser a carbon dioxide, ma laser a solid-state, ndi zina zotero.
• Ulusi Wapadera Wowala: Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimasiyanitsa ulusi wapadera wowala ndi ulusi wamba wowala ndi momwe umagwiritsidwira ntchito pa mafunde enaake. Ulusi wopangidwa ndi Ytterbium umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholumikizira cha ma laser a ulusi ndi ma amplifier a ulusi, pomwe ulusi wopanda mphamvu umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ma couplers, michira ya nkhumba, ndi zida zina zowala.

Zochitika Zamtsogolo Zachitukuko cha Makampani Ogwiritsa Ntchito Laser