Poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe zowotcherera,kuwotcherera ndi laserili ndi ubwino waukulu - kutentha kochepa, liwiro lowotcherera mwachangu, malo ochepa okhudzidwa ndi kutentha,
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, kuwotcherera kwa laser kwagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani opanga magalimoto, makampani opanga zombo, makampani opanga mphamvu za nyukiliya, komanso m'malo oyendera ndege.
Makampani oyendetsa ndege ndi mafakitale ena apamwamba akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndipo chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mtengo wa zida zonse, zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Ndipo ntchito zina zokhudzana ndi moyo zinayamba kukula mofulumira. Koma nthawi yomweyo, kuwotcherera kwa laser imodzi kulinso ndi zofooka zina,
Sizingakwaniritse zosowa zosiyanasiyana: choyamba, zofunikira pakuwotcherera kwa laser imodzi pa weld assembly gap ndizokhwima kwambiri,
Nthawi zambiri pamafunika kukhala ndi mpata <0.2mm, apo ayi zimakhala zovuta kupeza kulumikizana kwabwino; Chachiwiri,kuwotcherera kwa laser imodziimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ming'alu yowotcherera
N'zosavuta kuyambitsa ming'alu ya weld, ndipo kapangidwe ka weld sikangathe kusinthidwa kuti kalamulire kupanga ming'alu; Chachitatu, imodzi
Kuwotcherera kwa laser kumafuna ma laser amphamvu kwambiri powotcherera mbale zazikulu, ndipo mphamvu yake yolowera imadalira mphamvu ya laser.
Ndipo khalidwe la weld silingatsimikizidwe mokwanira.
Pofuna kukwaniritsa zosowa za chitukuko cha mafakitale osiyanasiyana, njira zowotcherera ndi laser zakonzedwanso, ndipo chitukuko chofananacho chapangidwa, monga nkhaniyi.
Njira zowotcherera waya wa laser ndi njira zina zowotcherera zafotokozedwa. Njira zowotcherera waya wa laser zimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira imodzi yowotcherera,
Poyerekeza ndi kuwotcherera kwa laser imodzi, ili ndi zabwino zodziwikiratu:
①Chepetsani kwambiri zofunikira pakusonkhanitsa kwa workpiece, chifukwa waya wowotcherera umawonjezedwa ku ndondomeko yowotcherera, chitsulo cha dziwe lowotcherera chidzawonjezeka kwambiri ndipo chikhoza kulumikizidwa.
Lumikizani ndi mpata waukulu wa weld, pamene mukupangitsa weld kukhala yodzaza kwambiri;
Kapangidwe kake kakang'ono ka malo olumikizirana amatha kuyendetsedwa, chifukwa kapangidwe ka waya wolumikizirana ndi kosiyana ndi ka zinthu zoyambira za cholumikiziranacho.
Waya ukaphatikizidwa mu dziwe losungunula, ubwino, kapangidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa dziwe losungunula zimatha kusinthidwa kuti ziwongolere njira yolimba komanso kapangidwe ka microstructure.
(3) Mphamvu ya mzere ndi yochepa, malo omwe akhudzidwa ndi kutentha ndi kusintha kwa kutentha ndi kochepa, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri kuwotcherera ntchitoyo ndi zofunikira kwambiri pakusinthasintha;
④ikhoza kupanga zinthu zokhuthala zocheperako za laser power, chifukwa waya wothira umawonjezeredwa ku ndondomeko yothira, kutchinjiriza kosiyanasiyana kumatha kuchitika, ndipo
Chitsulo cha dziwe losungunula chidzakulitsidwa kwambiri, kotero kuti cholumikizira chosungunula chitsegulidwe kuti chichepetse kukula kwenikweni kwa chosungunulacho.
Kulemera kwa laser kuwotcherera, kenako kuzindikira multi-channel laser waya kuwotcherera wandiweyani mbale zakuthupi.
Kusiyana pakati pa kuwotcherera waya wa laser ndi kuwotcherera waya wa laser
Mtundu wa kuwotcherera waya wa laser wawonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 1, womwe ndi wosiyana ndi wowotcherera waya wa laser womwe wawonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 2. Zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa njira zonse ziwiri zowotcherera ndi izi:
Zogwirizana, zimapangidwa ndi laser beam, welding wire, welding parts, protective gas purposes malinga ndi zosowa zenizeni kuti asankhe ngati awonjezere, kapena agwiritse ntchito
Ndipo zida zazikulu ndi makina odyetsera waya, makina olowetsera, waya wodzaza mutu wa mfuti wofewa, mutu wolowetsera, laser yamphamvu kwambiri.
Chithunzi 1 Kuwotcherera waya wosakanikirana ndi laser
Chithunzi 2 Kuzimitsa waya wa laser
Ngakhale kuti palibe kusiyana kulikonse pa mawonekedwe akunja a njira ziwirizi zowotcherera, pali kusiyana kwakukulu kwenikweni. Pakuwotcherera waya wa laser,
Laser nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito laser yamphamvu kwambiri, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 3, laser sikuti imangofunika waya wowotcherera, komanso imafunika kusungunula chitsulo choyambira ndi
Mphamvu yapadera ya dzenje la laser deep penetration welding imapangidwa pa chitsulo choyambira, ndikupanga dziwe losungunuka lakuya, ndipo kapangidwe ka waya wowotcherera kamasakanikirana mokwanira ndi kapangidwe ka chitsulo choyambira.
Dziwe latsopano losungunuka losakanizidwa limapangidwa, ndipo kapangidwe kake, kuchuluka kwake ndi mtundu wa dziwe losungunuka losakanikirana ndi zazikulu kuposa waya wowotcherera ndi zinthu zoyambira.
Chifukwa chake, waya wowotcherera woyenera ukhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku njira yowotcherera malinga ndi zolakwika za magwiridwe antchito a maziko ake, kuti awonjezere magwiridwe antchito a kuwotcherera.
Pamawonekedwe, kukana ming'alu, kukana kutopa, kukana dzimbiri, kukana kuvala ndi zina zomwe zili mu weld zakonzedwa mwadala.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuwotcherera waya wa laser kumatha kukhala kuwotcherera kokhala ndi njira zambiri, chifukwa kumatha kuwotcherera mozama ndi dzenje laling'ono, zomwe zingatheke.
Kuphatikizika kwathunthu kwa zigawo ziwiri zapansi za mkanda wothira madzi kumapewa zolakwika zazikulu zosasakanikirana, kotero kuti imatha kulumikiza malo olumikizirana akuluakulu.
Litiwaya wa laserKuphimba, laser nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito laser ya semiconductor yamphamvu kwambiri, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 4.
Pa waya wowotcherera, laser yochepa kwambiri yokha ndi yomwe imagwira ntchito pa weld ndikusungunula chitsulo chochepa pamwamba pa weld, ndipo dziwe losungunuka limasungunuka pang'ono posungunuka.
Waya wowotcherera umapangidwa, kotero magwiridwe antchito a weld amadalira makamaka kapangidwe kake ndi kuchuluka kwa waya wowotcherera ndi waya wowotcherera wosungunuka pa weld.
Cholinga chachikulu cha laser brazing ndikupeza mphamvu yolumikizirana ya cholumikizira cha weld.
Ndipo kutseka, ndi laser waya brazing sizingakhale multi-channel stacked welding, pamwamba ndi pansi zigawo ziwiri za weld kwenikweni sizingakhale zolimba
Tsopano popeza yalumikizidwa bwino komanso mokwanira, mphamvu za makina a cholumikiziracho ndi zochepa kwambiri.
Kugwiritsa ntchito waya wa laser
Ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo wowotcherera waya wa laser komanso kuwonjezeka kwa malire a mphamvu ya laser, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchitokuwotcherera waya wodzaza ndi laser
Kuwonjezeka kwambiri, makamaka m'mbali zotsatirazi:
Kuwotcherera kwa waya wa laser wa aluminiyamu
Kawirikawiri, chifukwa aluminiyamu yokha imakhala ndi kuwala kwakukulu kwa laser komanso kutentha kwambiri, aluminiyamuyo imalumikizidwa ndi laser.
Ngati mphamvu ya laser ikufunika ndi yayikulu, izi zimabweretsa zinthu zotsika kwambiri zowira mu aluminiyamu (monga Mg, Zn, ndi zina zotero) komanso kutayika kwakukulu kwa kutentha,
Nthawi yomweyo, kupsinjika kochepa kwa pamwamba pa chitsulo chosungunuka kumakhudza mawonekedwe olimba a weld, ndipo zifukwa izi zipangitsa kuti pakhale ma alloy a aluminiyamu olumikizira laser.
Mavuto ambiri - kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa ma weld, kusapanga bwino weld, kutseguka ndi ming'alu yayikulu. M'malo mwake, laser imagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzaza waya
Kuwotcherera alloy ya aluminiyamu kudzathandiza kwambiri mavuto awa:
①Kuwotcherera waya wa laser kumatha kukulitsa kutsika kwa pamwamba pa weld, komanso kukonza bwino weldMtundu, ndipo njira yowotcherera ndi yaying'ono;
②Kuwonjezera waya wowotcherera sikungokhudza momwe makristalo ozungulira amaonekera mu weld, komanso kuchepetsa weld.Mawonekedwe a kristalo opangidwa ndi kukula kwa kristalo wapakati amapangitsa kuti weld ipangidwe, komanso amapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zilowe mu laser.
Pamene m'lifupi mwake mukusungunuka, kuuma pang'ono kumachepa pang'ono, ndipo mphamvu yokoka ndi kutalikitsa kwa cholumikiziracho zidzakhala zofunika kwambiri pansi pa magawo okonzedwa bwino a njira.
Konzani; (3) Kuwotcherera pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera sikungapeze zolakwika zoonekeratu zamkati, kuuma pang'ono kwa HV60 kapena kuposerapo, ndi HAZ yolumikizirana
Palibe kufewa koonekeratu kwa cholumikizira cholumikizira m'derali, ndipo kusweka kuli m'dera la zinthu zoyambira panthawi yoyesa kukoka.
Kuwotcherera zitsulo zosiyana pogwiritsa ntchito laser
Pa malo ena ogwirira ntchito ovuta kapena kutengera mtengo, nthawi zambiri pamafunika kukhala ndi zinthu zingapo za workpiece nthawi imodzi.
Katundu wapadera, monga kukana dzimbiri, mphamvu yayikulu, kukana kutentha, kukana kuvala, kuyendetsa bwino kutentha, kutayika bwino kwa kutentha, ndi zina zotero, koma ambiri
Zipangizo zachitsulo sizingakhale ndi zinthu zapadera zambiri nthawi imodzi, ndipo zipangizo zachitsulo zokhala ndi zinthu zapadera nthawi zambiri zimakhala
Ndi yosowa komanso yokwera mtengo, singagwiritsidwe ntchito mochuluka, kotero ngati mungathe kupanga zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zokhala ndi makhalidwe apadera kuti mugwirizane bwino, ndiye kuti
Zingakwaniritse zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito. Kusiyana kwa zinthu zakuthupi ndi zamakemikolo pa zinthu zachitsulo zosiyana nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwakukulu, zomwe sizingapeweke pakuwotcherera
Kupangidwa kwa mankhwala a intermetallic, omwe amakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a zolumikizirana, mankhwala ofooka a intermetallic amapangitsa kuti cholumikiziracho chikhale chosavuta kupanga.
N'kovuta kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito laser imodzi mwachindunji kuti muluke zolumikizira zitsulo zosiyana, ndipo kukhazikika kwa njira yake n'kovuta kulamulira
Kuvuta kubereka. Akatswiri ambiri ndi akatswiri apeza kuti kuwotcherera waya pogwiritsa ntchito laser ndikwabwino kwambiri powotcherera zitsulo zosiyana, ndipo kusankha ndikoyenera.
Waya wodzaza ukhoza kuletsa mapangidwe a zinthu zapakati pa zitsulo mpaka pamlingo winawake, ndipo ukhoza kusintha kwambiri momwe ziwalo zolumikizirana zimagwirira ntchito.
Magwiridwe antchito:
①Cholumikizira cha Mg/Cu cholumikizidwa ndi laser wire filling welding chingapangidwe bwino pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera zogwirira ntchito.Mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri yodulira zitsulo zosiyanasiyana ndi mphamvu inayake imatha kufika pa 164.2MPa, yomwe ndi 64% ya chitsulo choyambira cha magnesium alloy.
② Kuwotcherera kwa Al/Ti lap joint ndi butt joint kumaphunziridwa, ndipo zotsatira zake zikusonyeza kuti njira yowotcherera ndi yokhazikika ndipo imapangidwa pamene malo owala amakona anayi agwiritsidwa ntchito.Yokongola, yosiyanasiyana ya magawo a ndondomeko, yapamwamba kwambiri yothira, mphamvu yake yayikulu yogwira ntchito imafika 94% ya chitsulo choyambira cha aluminiyamu;Konzani kupanga weld.Pa zinthu zogwirira ntchito zokhala ndi cholinga chothandizira, ngati cholumikizira chatha, makulidwe ake ogwira ntchito adzachepa, ndipo mphamvu za makina zidzachepa ngati cholumikizira chatha.
Zidzapangitsa kuti pakhale kupsinjika m'mphepete mwa weld, ndipo makhalidwe a makina adzachepa. Pa ntchito yokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofunikira, ngati weld itagwa
Kugwira kapena kuluma m'mphepete kungakhale ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa kwambiri ndipo sikuvomerezeka. Kuti cholumikizira chikhale chodzaza, cholumikizira waya cha laser chikhale cholimba.
Ndi njira yabwino kwambiri, chifukwa waya wowotcherera umaphatikizidwa mu dziwe losungunuka, ukhoza kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa dziwe losungunuka, kenako ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chowotchereracho chadzaza.
Chilema cha m'mphepete mwa kuluma.
Kwa ntchito yokhala ndi mpata waukulu wolumikizirana (nthawi zambiri≥0.3mm), kuwotcherera kwa laser imodzi n'kovuta kupeza kulumikizana kogwira mtima, ndipo kungangodzazidwa
Zipangizo zina zimatha kudzaza mpata wa weld, kotero weld ya laser ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri.
Kuwotcherera minofu yopapatiza
Kuwotcherera waya wothira waya wa laser wochepa kumatha kupangitsa kuti mbale zapakati ndi zokhuthala zigwire bwino ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito ma laser ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati, osati kungowonjezera kuwotcherera.
Waya wosintha kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe ka chitsulo chosungunula, kusintha magwiridwe antchito onse a cholumikizira chosungunula, komanso kukonza malo otsetsereka a laser imodzi
Kusinthasintha ndi kulekerera zolakwika kwa malo otseguka pakamwa, komanso malo omwe akhudzidwa ndi kutentha kwa weld ndi ochepa, ndipo kupsinjika kwa cholumikizira cholumikizidwacho ndi kochepa, komwe kumagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri.
Chifukwa chake, m'zaka zaposachedwa, akatswiri ambiri ndi akatswiri achita kafukufuku wofunikira pa izi:
①Kugwiritsa ntchito waya wopapatiza wodzaza njira zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito laserNjira yowotcherera yolumikizidwa ndi mbale yachitsulo ya Q345D ya Q345D yokhuthala 40mm, zotsatira zake zikusonyeza kuti magawo oyenera a njira yowotcherera amatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino,
Cholumikizira cholumikizidwacho chilibe ma porosity, palibe zolakwika monga kusalumikizana, kulimba kwa pakati pa cholumikiziracho kuli bwino, ndipo mphamvu yokoka ya cholumikiziracho ndi yayikulu kuposa ya zinthu zoyambira;
②Chitsulo chozungulira cha 50mm chokhuthala chinalumikizidwa ndi waya wothira laser wothira waya wambiri, ndipo zotsatira zake zinasonyeza kuti magawo a njira yolumikizirana anali oyenera.
Imatha kupanga bwino, palibe zolakwika monga kusalumikizana kwa khoma la m'mbali, kulimba kwa cholumikizira kumachepa, koma mphamvu yake yolimba ndi yayikulu kuposa ya mayi.
Matabwa;③Kuwotcherera kwa waya wothira laser wopapatiza wa 20mm wandiweyani 5083 aluminiyamu kwaphunziridwa, ndipo zotsatira zake zikusonyeza kuti magawo oyenera a njira yowotcherera ndi
Cholumikizira cholumikizidwa chokhala ndi ma pores ochepa komanso chopanda zilema monga kusalumikizana komwe kungapezeke.
Milandu yogwiritsira ntchito ndi zida ndi malingaliro a magawo a njira
1. Milandu yogwiritsira ntchito
Sinthani kupanga weld
Zofunikira: Kuwotcherera kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 1mm ndi 3mm, msoko wowotcherera umafunika kuti usakhale ndi ma porosity, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi abwino.
Zipangizo: RFL-C4000 (m'mimba mwake wa fiber 200)μm), chodyetsera waya, mutu wowotcherera.
Gome 5 Malangizo a mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa groove
Zotsatira: Kuumba kunali bwino ndipo chosungunulacho chinalibe maenje, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 5.
Chithunzi 5 Kupanga weld ndi mawonekedwe a mtanda gawo
Kuwotcherera kwa waya wocheperako wa laser wodzaza ndi ma pass ambiri
Zofunikira: 18mm wandiweyani Q345 Marine steel plate welded, imafuna mabowo ochepa a weld, palibe kusalumikizana, komanso kulimba kwa ma joint
Mphamvu yake ndi yayikulu kuposa maziko, ndipo mawonekedwe a weld ndi abwino.
Zipangizo: RFL-C6000 (m'mimba mwake wa fiber core 400)μm), chodyetsera waya, mutu wowotcherera.
Magawo a njira: njira yolumikizira iyenera kukhala yopindika, kukula kwa chopindika kukuwonetsedwa pa Chithunzi 6, ndipo magawo ena a njira yolumikizira akuwonetsedwa pa Table 2.
Chithunzi 6 Kukula kwa dzenje
Zotsatira: Kuumba kunali bwino, panalibe kusalumikizana, ndipo chosungunulacho chinalibe ma porosity, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 7, ndipo mayeso okakamiza adachitika.
Zatsimikiziridwa kuti weld imasweka mu maziko, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti mphamvu yokoka ya cholumikizira ndi yayikulu kuposa ya maziko.
Chithunzi 7 cha Metallographic cha gawo lozungulira la weld
2. Malangizo a zida ndi njira zogwirira ntchito
Sinthani kupanga weld ndi khalidwe lake
Kuti waya wolumikizirana ndi laser ukhale wolumikizidwa bwino pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zodziwika bwino, nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito m'mimba mwake wa pakati pa laser ndi fiber,
Mutu wolumikizira uyenera kukonzedwa kuti uwonetsetse kuti m'mimba mwake wa malo olunjika uli pakati pa 0.4mm ndi 0.6mm, ndipo waya wolumikizira uyenera kusankhidwa ndi giredi yoyenera.
Magawo ena a kuwotcherera akuwonetsedwa mu Table 2 ndi Table 3.
Kuwotcherera kwa waya wocheperako wa laser wodzaza ndi ma pass ambiri
Pa waya wopapatiza wodzaza ndi laser wodzaza ma multi-pass welding wa mbale yokhuthala yapakatikati, nthawi zambiri amalangizidwa kuti m'mimba mwake wa malo ofunikira ndi 0.6mm ~ 1.0mm, ndipo
Ndipo waya wowotcherera uyenera kusankha mtundu woyenera, kuphatikiza apo, kukula kwa groove yolumikizana kuyenera kukhala koyenera, kukula kwa groove sikungakhale kwakukulu kwambiri,
Kupanda kutero, n'zosavuta kuyambitsa kusalumikizana mkati mwa weld, ndipo kukula kwa groove komwe kumalimbikitsidwa kwawonetsedwa mu Table 5; Chiwerengero cha mikanda chiyenera kutengera kuchuluka kwa cholumikizira
Kuti mudziwe makulidwe akulu, chotchingira choyamba cha pansi chimalimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito mphamvu yayikulu yotchingira ya zida kuti mudziwe, pambuyo pa kuya kulikonse kwa chimodzi
Kawirikawiri 3mm ~ 5mm; Ponena za magawo a njira yowotcherera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mkanda uliwonse, ndikofunikira kudalira kuzama kwake kowotcherera komanso nthawi yomwe
M'lifupi mwa cholumikizira kutsogolo cha weld chimatsimikiziridwa. Pamene m'lifupi mwa cholumikiziracho cha weld ndi chachikulu, kuchuluka kwa kutseka kuyenera kuwonjezeredwa pang'ono kuti khoma la m'mbali lisathe kusakanikirana.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-03-2025
